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ANTE-CHAPEL, the term given to that portion of a chapel which lies on the western side of the choir screen. In some of the colleges at Oxford and Cambridge the ante-chapel is carried north and south across the west end of the chapel, constituting a western tra ...

ANTE-CHOIR, the term given to the space enclosed in a church between the outer gate or railing of the rood screen tad the door of the screen; sometimes there is only one rail, gate or door, but in Westminster Abbey it is equal in depth to one bay of the nave. ...

... ancy by force of arms. According to Knox he openly attended mass in the queen's chapel, and was especially trusted by Mary in her project of reinstating Roman Catholicism. The fortress of Tantallon was placed in his keeping, and in 1565 he was made lieutenant ...

... d, he was instituted as one of the first founders, and his stall in St George's chapel, Windsor, was the eleventh on the side of Edward, the Black Prince. He appears to have served in France in 1346, and in August 1350 took part in the naval fight off Sluys. W ...

... d mosaics with epitaphs of various bishops and martyrs. The Enfida estate was granted by the bey Mahommed-esSadok to his chief minister Khaireddin Pasha (q.v.) in return for the confirmation by the sultan of Turkey in 1871, through the instrumentality of the p ...

... e castle contains an interesting collection of weapons and pictures, and in the chapel are the coffins of Einhard, the friend and biographer of Charlemagne, and his wife, Emma. Erbach has long been the residence of the counts of Erbach, who trace their descent ...

... s of the royal family there is a separate vault, known as the Panleon de los In/antes, or more familiarly by the dreadfully suggestive name of El Pudridero. The most interesting room in the palace is Philip II. 's cell, from which through an opening in the wal ...

... but chiefly of brick. The outer quadrangle, or school-yard, is enclosed by the chapel, upper and lower schools, the original scholars' dormitory (" long chamber "), now transformed, and masters' chambers. It has in its centre a bronze statue of the royal foun ...

... of the Ostend- Vienna express, going by Ostend to Brussels, and through Aix-la-Chapelle to Cologne, then up the Rhine gorge southwards to Bingen and eastwards to Mainz and on to Frankfort (on the Main), thence south-eastwards by the route so celebrated in the ...

... importance than Arnolfo had contemplated, as shown in the fresco of the Spanish chapel of Santa Maria Novella, Florence. The dome as projected by Bninelleschi was of considerable size, being 130 ft. in diameter and 135 ft. from the cornice to the eye of the do ...

... a whole evening, in several acts, and required the services of hundreds of figurantes. Excelsior was originally produced at La Scala. Milan, in January 1 88 1, and was subsequently given with great success at the Eden Theatre, Paris, in 1883. The revived popul ...

... one bay. In some of the English cathedrals there is an eastern transept, as in Canterbury, Lincoln, Salisbury and Worcester; at Durham that which might be regarded as an eastern transept is the chapel of the Nine Altars, and the same is found in Fountains Abbe ...

... sverse course of these rivers has given rise to the suggestion that they are of antecedent origin; but there are many objections to this over-simple, Gordian explanation. The south-east course of the middle-section rivers is the result of many changes from the ...

... lusters of houses were deepened and cleared out, and in some cases trees were planted along the banks, or fondamenta; we hear of the cypresses on San Giorgio Maggiore, of an ancient mulberry tree at San Salvadore, of a great elder tree near the Procuratie Vecc ...

... f Greek ventriloquists, who were called after him Euryklides, and also Engastrimanteis (belly-prophets). It is not impossible that the priests of ancient times were masters of this art, and that to it may be ascribed such miracles as the speaking statues of th ...

... rpha, Pocock (noy.). — Derivative forms in which the reduction in number of the anterior appendages is carried farther than in the other orders, reaching its extreme in the Pycnogonidae, where the 1st and 2nd pairs are absent in both sexes, and the 3rd pair al ...

AL R, Anterior lateral rod or tendon. Natural size. (From Lankester, Q. J. Hie. Set.. N5. ml. niv.. 1884.) Limulus an Arachnid. — Modern views as to the classification and affinities of the Arachnida have been determined by the demonstration that Limulus and t ...

... giraffe, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, buffalo, zebra, kudu and many other kinds of antelope, wild pig, ostrich and crocodile. Among fish are the barbel, bream and African yellow fish. Inhabitants. — The great majority of the inhabitants are of Bantu-Negro stock w ...

... nglish; they were, however, expelled in 1373 by the troops of Charles V., who granted the town numerous privileges. It suffered much during the Wars of Religion, especially in 1568 after its capture by the Protestants under Coligny.

... are the monument to Cardinal de Berulle, founder of the Carmelite order, in the chapel of the oratory at Paris, of which all but the bust has been destroyed, and the mausoleum of Henri II., last due de Montmorency, at Moulins. To Michel are due the sculptures ...

... d secured a charter of her estates for her son, to whom in 1389 the title was granted by King Robert II. He was taken prisoner at Homildon Hill and died in England. The 5th earl was his great-grandson. ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS, 5th earl of Angus (c. MSO-C. 1514), the ...

... y at first despised. At Whydah, the chief centre, there is a serpent temple, tenanted by some fifty snakes; every python of the danh-gbi kind must be treated with respect, and death is the penalty for killing one, even by accident. Danh-gbi has numerous wives, ...

... em, are best illustrated by an analysis of the terms applied to it. Readers of Dante know the idea that the dead have no shadows; this was no invenlion of Ihe poet's bul a piece of traditionary lore; at the present day among the Bosutos it is held thai a man w ...

... d in modern notation in the Antkologie des mattres religieux primilifs of the Chanteuri de Saint Gertait. It is solemn and noble in conception, and would be a great work but for a roughness which is more careless than archaic.

... nsects of the family \fyrmcltonidac, with relatively short and apically clubbed antennae and four large densely reticulated wings in which the apical veins enclose regular oblong spaces. The perfect insects are for the most part nocturnal and are believed to b ...

ANTEATER, a term applied to several mammals, but (zoologically at any rate) specially indicating the tropical American anteaters of the family Uyrmecopkagidae (see EDENTATA). The typical and largest representative of the group is the great anteater or ant-bear ...

ANTEMNAE (Lat. ante amnem, sc. Anienem; Varro, Ling. Lot. v. 28), an ancient village of Latium, situated on the W. of the Via Salaria, 2 m. N. of Rome, where the Anio falls into the Tiber. It is said to have been conquered by Romulus after the rape of the Sabi ...

ANTENOR, an Athenian sculptor, of the latter part of the 6th century B.C. He was the author of the group of the tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogeiton, set up by the Athenians on the expulsion of the Peisistratidae, and carried away to Persia by Xerxes. A bas ...

ANTEQUERA (the ancient Anlicaria), a town of southern Spain, in the province of Malaga; on the Bobadilla-Granada railway. Pop. (1000) 31,609. Antequera overlooks the fertile valley bounded on the S. by the Sierra de los Torcales, and on the N. by the river Gua ...

ANTEROS, pope for some weeks at the end of the year 235. Me died on the 3rd of January 236. His original epitaph was discovered in the Catacombs.

ANTHEM, derived from the Gr. (bri^wca, through the Saxon antefn, a word which originally had the same meaning as antiphony (?.».). It is now, however, generally restricted to a form of church music, particularly in the service of the Church of England, in whic ...

... af forms which was largely employed by the Greeks to decorate (i) the fronts of ante-fixae, (2) the upper portion of the stele or vertical tombstones, (3) the necking of the Ionic columns of the Krrrht hrum and its continuation as a decorative frieze on the wa ...

... day of the grave-holes (not " pots," which is \vrpai), in point of time really anterior to the indotyia.. E. Rohde and M. P. Nilsson, however, take the \\npoi to mean " water vessels," and connect the ceremony with the Hydrophoria, a libation festival to prop ...

... n universal. A company mania set in which was favoured by the government, who granted railway and other concessions with a prodigal hand. The inevitable result of this state of things was first indicated by Jewish politicians and economists. On the i-jth of Ja ...

... only instalment of the Italian allowance (subsequently fixed by the Law of Guarantees, March 21, 1871) ever accepted by the Holy See. At Antonelli's death the Vatican finances were found to be in disorder, with a deficit of 45,000,000 lire. His personal fortu ...

... eign was comparatively peaceful. Insurrections amongst the Moors, Jews, and Brigantes in Britain were easily put down. The one military result which is of interest to us now is the building in Britain of the wall of Antoninus from the Forth to the Clyde. In hi ...

... e Union Antrim returned two members to parliament by virtue of letters patent granted in 1666 by Charles II. There are manufactures of paper, linen, and woollen cloth. The government is in the hands of town commissioners.

... on the i6th of December he signed articles with Sir Arthur Chichester and was granted protection; in 1601 he became head of his house by his elder brother's death, his pardon being confirmed to him; and in 1602 he submitted to Lord Mountjoy and was knighted. O ...

... ano) in 1032. The privilege of holding the assembly of the states-general was granted to the inhabitants in 1189. An executive council was nominated from this body in 1536, and continued to exist until 1802. After the restoration of the rule of Savoy it was re ...

... agreed on natural theology; so the New Testament tends to take its theism for granted. However, Rom. i. 20 has had great influence on Christian theology (e.g. Thomas Aquinas) in leading it to base theism upon reason or argument. One apologetic contention, aime ...