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APE (Old Eng. apa; Dutch aap; Old Ger. affo; Welsh epa; Old Bohemian op; a word of uncertain origin, possibly an imitation of the animal's chatter), the generic English name, till the i6th century, for animals of the monkey tribe, and still used specifically f ...

... tates for bonnet and hat making. It is largely manufactured into wood-pulp for paper-making. The bark is of some value as a tonic and febrifuge. P. grandidcntata, the large-leaved American aspen, has ovate or roundish leaves deeply and irregularly serrated on ...

ASPER, AEMILIUS. Latin grammarian, possibly lived in the jnd c«ntury A.D. He wrote commentaries on Terence, Sallust and Virgil. Numerous fragments of the last show that as both critic and commentator he possessed good judgment and taste. They arc printed in Kc

... of the Bay of Bengal, from the Naaf estuary, on the borders of Chittagong. to Cape Negrais. Length from northern extremity to Cape Negrais, about 400 m.; greatest breadth in the northern part, oo m., gradually diminishing towards the south, as it is hemmed in ...

... within sixteen days' steam of Lisbon. There is also a regular service between Cape Town, Lobito and Lisbon and Southampton. The Portuguese line is subsidized by the government. The railway from Loanda to Ambaca and Malanje is known as the Royal Trans-African ...

... l of artillery, a library and several learned societies. It is a centre of the paper-making industry, with which the town has been connected since the i-jth century. Most of the mills are situated on the banks of the watercourses in the neighbourhood of the to ...

... ith others north and south, were annexed to Great Britain in 1867 and added to Cape Colony in 1874. Seal Island and Penguin Island are in the bay, Ichaboe, Mercury, and Hollam's Bird islands are to the north; Halifax, Long, Possession, Albatross, Pomona, Plump ...

... e the monument to Cardinal de Berulle, founder of the Carmelite order, in the chapel of the oratory at Paris, of which all but the bust has been destroyed, and the mausoleum of Henri II., last due de Montmorency, at Moulins. To Michel are due the sculptures of ...

ANGULATE (Lat. antulus, an angle), shaped with comers or angles; an adjective used in botany and zoology for the shape of stems, leaves and wings.

... e Satyrs and the Fauns were either capriform or had some part of their bodies shaped like that of a goat In northern Europe the wood spirit, Ljesche, is believed to have a goat's horns, ears and legs. In Africa the Bijagos are said to have a goat as their prin ...

... rope, in ancient Greece, in China, the water or river spirit is horse or bull-shaped; the water monster in serpent shape is even more widely found, but it is less strictly the spirit of the water. The spirit of syncretism manifests itself in this department of ...

... was also celebrated as a composer; he is said by Fctis to have been maestro di capella at S. Giovanni in Laterano from the middle of January 155° until 1552, and to have died in 1363.

... friend fly upwards towards heaven. In 1555 Animuccia was appointed maestro di capella at St Peter's, an office which he held until hi* death in 1571. He was succeeded by Palestrina, who had been his friend and probably his pupil. The manuscript of many of Ani ...

... , which extends north and south for about i\ m., dividing to the north in a Y-shape, and rising at its highest point to 690 ft. above the extensive rice plain to the west, which is itself 4060 ft. above sea-level. For long only the principal village of the Hov ...

ANTE-CHAPEL, the term given to that portion of a chapel which lies on the western side of the choir screen. In some of the colleges at Oxford and Cambridge the ante-chapel is carried north and south across the west end of the chapel, constituting a western tra ...

... o falls into the Tiber. It is said to have been conquered by Romulus after the rape of the Sabine women, and to have assisted the Tarquins. Certainly it soon lost its independence, and in Strabo's time was a mere village. The site is one of great strength, and ...

... en above, is usually connected with av6os (" flower," or the " bloom " of the grape), but A. W. Verrall (Journal of Hellenic Studies, xx., 1900, p. 115) explains it as a feast of " revocation" (from avaSfaaaaBai, to " pray back " or " up "), at which the ghost ...

... quality of the two sexes. From 1868 to 1870 she was the proprietor of a weekly paper, The Revolution, published in New York, edited by Mrs Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and having for its motto, " The true republic — men, their rights and nothing more; women, their ...

... r Madreporarian corals. and between the fibres are minute branched or spindle-shaped cells. For further details of the structure of Actinians, the reader should consult the work of O. and R. Hertwig. The Anthozoa are divisAlcyonaria. — In this sub-class the zo ...

... , and when they are incised a quantity of a blood-stained gelatinous exudate escapes. When the swellings have attained certain proportions symptoms of general infection appear, and, running their course with great rapidity, cause death in a few hours. Anthrax ...

ANTHROPOID APES, or MANLIKE APES, the name given to the family of the Simiidae, because, of all the ape-world, they most closely resemble man. This family includes four kinds, the gibbons of S. E. Asia, the orangs of Borneo and Sumatra, the gorillas of W. Equa ...

... themselves, who contributed two pamphlets and a much larger proportion of newspaper articles for every one supplied by their opponents (Jacobs, Bibliog. Jew. Question, p. xi.). Up to 1879, however, it was more of a literary than a political agitation, and was ...

... of the surrender by wholesale imprisonment of Liberals. In 1855 he narrowly escaped assassination. As ally of the Bourbons of Naples, from whom he had received an annual subsidy, he attempted, after 1860, to facilitate their restoration by fomenting brigandag ...

... lunder with a force of cavalry, tn 76 he was tried for his malpractices, but escaped punishment; six years later he was removed from the senate by the censors, but soon afterwards reinstated. In spite of his bad reputation, lie was elected tribune in 71, praet ...

... where he was attache to the Russian legation, he was arrested in 1 797, but escaped to Russia. Sent as Russian attache to Dresden, he published a violent pamphlet against Napoleon I., and was expelled by the Saxon government. He then went to London, and it wa ...

... following this direction 1 Life of Ormonde, iii. 509 ; see also Cal. of State Papers, Ireland, 1660-1662, pp. 294, 217; Cal. of Clarendon St. Pap., ii. 69, and Gardiner's Commonwealth, i. 153. 2 Hallam, Const. Hist., iii. 396 (ed. 1855). '53 the highest point ...

... reland to negotiate a cessation of hostilities, he was again captured with his papers in May 1643 and confined at Carrickfergus, thence once more escaping and making his way to Kilkenny, the headquarters of the Roman Catholic confedera1 Strafford's Letters, ii ...

... of buildings, dagobas, monastic buildings, and pokunas. The dogobas are bell-shaped manes of masonry, varying from a few feet to over 1100 in circumference. Some of them contain enough masonry to build a town for twenty-five thousand inhabitants. Remains of t ...

... thing is beaten "), a mass of iron on which material is supported while being shaped under the hammer (see FORCING). The common blacksmith's anvil is made of wrought iron, often in America of cast iron, with a smooth working face of hardened steel. It has at o ...

... c des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, whose transactions he enriched with many papers. In 1775 he received the only place in the Academic des Sciences which is allotted to geography; and in the same year he was appointed, without solicitation, first geographer ...

... several Cornish mines, occurs as crystallized stalactitic masses. In APATURIA— APELLES addition to these crystallized varieties, there are massive varieties, fibrous, concretionary, stalactitic, or earthy in form, which are included together under the name ph ...

... It was said that he was accused of treason both by Nero and by Domitian, but escaped by miraculous means. Finally he set up a school at Ephesus, where he died, apparently at the age of a hundred years. Philostratus keeps up the mystery of his hero's life by sa ...

... iddle, which had to do with Antiochus's secret. He returned to Tyre, and, to escape the king's vengeance, set sail in search of a place of refuge. In Cyrene he married the daughter of King Archistrates, and presently, on receiving news of the death of Antiochu ...

... riginal charge. If made publicly, the proper form is an advertisement in a newspaper; if made within the hearing of a few only, a letter of apology, which may be read to those who have heard what was said, should be sufficient. By the English Libel Act 1843, s ...

... es-Bains in Savoy (Aquae Sabaudicae), Aiz-en-Provence (Aquae Sextiae), Aix-la-Chapelle or Aachen (Aquae Grant), &c. Only two occur in Britain: Aquae Suits — less correctly Aquae Salts — at Bath in Somerset, which was famous, and Buxton (called Aquae simply), w ...

... of the organisms of the Mediterranean. One is Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, the other Mittlteilungen aus der zoologisehen Station zu Neapel. The former consists of monographs in which special groups of animals and plants are most exhaustively treated ...

... A succession of dukes followed, one of whom, William IV., fought against Hugh Capet, king of France, and another of whom, William V., called the Great, was able considerably to strengthen and extend his authority, although he failed in his attempt to secure t ...

... eir own ecclesiastical symbols, in a disguised manner, into their tracery and diapers; as the lily, for instance. The cross was not so introduced ; this, of course, was inadmissible; but neither was the crescent ever introduced into any of this early work in D ...

... thern Persian littoral, W. by Arabia, and S., approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somaliland, and Cape Comorin in India. It has two important branches — at the south-west the Gulf of Aden, connecting with the Red Sea throug ...