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ARABI PASHA (c. 1839- ), more correctly Amt u> 'AxABl, to which in later years he added the epithet al-Misri, " the Egyptian," Egyptian soldier and revolutionary leader, was born in Lower Egypt in 1839 or 1840 of a fellah family. Having entered the army as a c ...

EMIN PASHA [EDUARD SCHNITZER] (1840-1892), German traveller, administrator and naturalist, was the son of Ludwig Schnitzer, a merchant of Oppeln in Silesia, and was born in Oppeln on the 28th of March 1840. He was educated at the universities of Breslau, Berli ...

... spices, silks and other costly articles). Numerous coins, Roman, Byzantine and Arabic, found not merely in Gotland itself but also at various points along the route indicated, testify to the long-continued importance of this route. In the middle ages the Oder ...

... British and French ships to Alexandria. On the 26th of June of that year Ismail Pasha was removed from Egypt, and Tewfik assumed the khediviate, becoming practically the protegt of the two western powers. On the ist of February 1881 a more serious disturbance ...

... d another campaign had to be fought before his submission was obtained. Ibrahim Pasha replaced Tusun in command, and on reaching Arabia in September 1816 his first aim was to gain over the great Bedouin tribes holding the roads between Hejaz and his objective ...

... well as the Koran as a source of theologico-juristic doctrines, predominate in Arabia, the Turkish Empire, the north of Africa, Turkestan, Afghanistan and the Mahommedan parts of India and the east of Asia; the Shi'ites have their main seat in Persia, where t ...

... introduce Oriental founts of type into Rumania, and he printed there the first Arabic missal for the Christians of the East (Ramnicu, 1702). He also trained Georgians in the art of printing, and cut the type with which under his pupil Mihail Ishtvanovitch the ...

... 1-197 B.C.). Only (our Books have survivril in (•n-ck, three more are extant in Arabic; the eighth has never been found. Although a fragment has been found of a Latin translation from the Arabic made in the i.iih century, it was not until 1661 that a Latin tra ...

... Avicenna and Maimonides, faith and the highest reason are sure to coincide (see ARABIAN PHILOSOPHY). According to Ghazali, in his Destruction of Philosophers, the various schools of philosophy cancel each other; reason is bankrupt; faith is everything. (So nea ...

... pends upon the Canones Hippolyti. (h) The so-called Canons of Basil. This is an Arabic work perhaps based on a Coptic and ultimately on a Greek original, embodying with modifications large portions of the Canons of Hippolytus. (On the relations between the six ...

... in a somewhat better way the truths already furnished by reason, as some of the Arabian philosophers and Maimonidcs had acknowledged, but because it is the absolute source of our knowledge of the mysteries of the Christian faith; and then he lays down the rela ...

ARABESQUE, a word meaning simply " Arabian," but technically used for a certain form of decorative design in flowing lines intertwined; hence comes the more metaphorical use of this word, whether in nature or in morals, indicating a fantastic or complicated in ...

ARABIAN SEA (anc. More Erylkratwn), the name applied to the portion of the Indian Ocean bounded E. by India, N. by Baluchistan and part of the southern Persian littoral, W. by Arabia, and S., approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east poin ...

ARABISTAN (formerly KircasTAN), a province of Persia, bounded on the S. by the Persian Gulf, on the W. by Turkish territory, on the N. by Luristan and on the E. by the Bakhtiari district and Pars. It has its modem name, signifying " land of the Arabs," from th ...

... about the origin of his power, from Persian sources, has been preserved by the Arabic historian Tabari (Th. Noldeke, Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden, aus der arabischen Chronik des Tabari, 1879). He was the second son of Papak (Babek), ...

... ded by the patriots (1822); in 1823 the city was burnt to the ground by Ibrahim Pasha. The present town of 10,000 inhabitants is a purely agricultural settlement. The Argive plain, though not yet sufficiently reclaimed, yields good crops of corn, rice and toba ...

... lanco, in 20° 25' N., 16° 37' W. It is some 4 m. long by i\ broad, produces gum-arabic, and is the seat of a lucrative turtle-fishery. Off the island, which was discovered by the Portuguese in the i Sth century, are extensive and very dangerous reefs. Arguin w ...

... Diogenes Laertius, and known as " Anonymus Menagii," and a third copied by two Arabian writers from Ptolemy, perhaps King Ptolemy Philadelphus, son of the founder of the library at Alexandria. (See Rose, Fragm. pp. 1-22.) But the extraordinary thing is that, ...

... , ancient xXtrr^s, a thief, a brigand), and during the i6th century the Turkish pashas came to terms with some of them, and these men were allowed to retain their local customs, and were confirmed in the possession of certain districts, while in "return they u ...

... n of Spanish origin, and to have studied chemistry, medicine, physics, and also Arabian philosophy. After having lived at the court of Aragon, he went to Paris, where he gained a considerable reputation; but he incurred the enmity of the ecclesiastics and was ...

... etians. In 1797 it was held by the French, but in the following year, 1798, Ali Pasha of lanntna captured it. During the Greek War of Independence it suffered severely, and was the scene of several conflicts, in which the ultimate success was with the Turks. A ...

... s son Jehoshaphat. " Cushite " may designate an Ethiopian or, more probably, an Arabian (Cush, the " father " of the Sabaeans, Gen. x. 7). " If by Zerah the Ethiopian or Sabaean prince be meant, the only real difficulty of the narrative is removed. No king Zer ...

ASIR, a district in western Arabia, lying between 1 7° 30' and 21° N., and 40° 30' and 43° E.; bounded N. by Hcjaz, E. by Nejd, S. by Yemen and \V. by the Red Sea. Like Yemen, it consists of a lowland zone some 20 or 30 m. in width along the coast, and of a mo ...

... been the cerastes, or horned viper (Cerastes cornutus), of northern Africa and Arabia, a snake about 15 in. long, exceedingly venomous, and provided with curious horn-like protuberances over each eye, which give it a decidedly sinister appearance. The snake, ...

... (Plate). This originated in the East, and was in early use in India, Persia and Arabia, and was introduced into Europe by the Arabs, who had perfected it — perhaps as early as A.D. 700. It combines the planisphere and armillae of Hipparchus and others, and the ...

... be rekindled, a century and a half later, on the banks of the Tigris. The first Arabic translation of the Almagest was made by order of Harun al-Rashid about the year 800; others followed, and the Caliph al-Mamun built in 829 a grand observatory at Bagdad. Her ...

... ich no record remains. Medieval writers, for whom the tale was preserved by the Arabian geographers, believed it true, and were fortified in their belief by numerous traditions of islands in the western sea, which offered various points of resemblance to Atlan ...

... plates. It is also used of a large size of drawing paper. The name " atlas," an Arabic word meaning " smooth," applied to a smooth cloth, is sometimes found in English, and is the usual German word, for " satin."

... Paris in a humble station of life. At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the carabineers and thereafter came into note as a duellist. Having drawn his sword upon an officer who insulted him, he fled from France and roamed about in the Levant. He served in th ...

... , which are among the finest in India. They are first mentioned by Ma'sudi, the Arabic geographer of the loth century, but merely as a celebrated place of pilgrimage. The caves differ from those of Ajanta in consequence of their being excavated in the sloping ...

... t contains passages which relate to the Eastern Christians. It was published in Arabic and Latin at Leiden in 1625. The Latin version is a translation by Erpenius, under the title, Historic, saracenica, and from this a French translation was made by Wattier as ...

... much valued as a gem-stone. The word comes indirectly from the Gr. afiapaySos (Arabic zumurrud) , but this seems to have been a name vaguely given to a number of stones having little in common except a green colour. Pliny's " smaragdus " undoubtedly included ...

... hem is that 1 By Moraes (1796) and Sousa (1830) the word is said to be from the Arabic Na'ama or Na'ema, an ostrich (Struthio camelus); but no additional evidence in support of the assertion is given by Dozy in 1869 (Glossaire des mots espagnols et portugais d ...

... rge, as editor in chief, of the Conservative paper Timpul (Times). In 1883 EMIN PASHA he had the first attack of the insanity hereditary in his family, and in 1889 he died in a private institution in Bucharest. In 1870 his great poetical talent was revealed by ...

... estate was granted by the bey Mahommed-esSadok to his chief minister Khaireddin Pasha (q.v.) in return for the confirmation by the sultan of Turkey in 1871, through the instrumentality of the pasha, of the right of succession to the beylik of members of Es-Sad ...

... riendship with Casaubon, which lasted during his life, and also took lessons in Arabic from an Egyptian, Joseph Barbatus, otherwise called Abu-dakni. At Venice he perfected himself in the Turkish, Persic and Ethiopic languages. After a long absence, Erpenius r ...

... of great antiquity, and has been identified with the Armenian Garin Kalakh, the Arabic Kalikale, and the Byzantine Theodosiopolis of the sth century, when it was a frontier fortress of the empire — hence its name Ersen-er-Rum. It was captured by the Seljuks in ...

... pt near the new government buildings and the large modern mosque of Hajji Izzct Pasha to the north, which are the only buildings of note. The principal barracks, military hospital and clothing factory are at Karatcluk on the plain and along the foot-hills to t ...

... -land. According to Hommel (Sud-arab. Chrestom. p. 39 sq.) the name Esau has S. Arabian analogies. On the possible identity of the name with Usoos, the Phoenician demi-god (Philo of Byblus, ap. Eusebius, Praep. Evang. i. 10), see Cheyne, Encyc. Bib. col. 1333; ...

... ise (1252-1284), a Virgil of the i4th century, a Koran of the i sth, &c. Of the Arabic manuscripts which it contained in the 1 7th century a catalogue was given in J. H. Hottinger's CHURCH I. Principal entrance and portico. 3. Court of the kings (Polio de lot ...