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ARABIAN SEA (anc. More Erylkratwn), the name applied to the portion of the Indian Ocean bounded E. by India, N. by Baluchistan and part of the southern Persian littoral, W. by Arabia, and S., approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east poin ...

ARABI PASHA (c. 1839- ), more correctly Amt u> 'AxABl, to which in later years he added the epithet al-Misri, " the Egyptian," Egyptian soldier and revolutionary leader, was born in Lower Egypt in 1839 or 1840 of a fellah family. Having entered the army as a c

... Avicenna and Maimonides, faith and the highest reason are sure to coincide (see ARABIAN PHILOSOPHY). According to Ghazali, in his Destruction of Philosophers, the various schools of philosophy cancel each other; reason is bankrupt; faith is everything. (So nea ...

... archonship of Cephisodorus (323-322), having departed to Chalcis, he died of disease (322), after a life of threc-and-wxty I. AJUSTOTLE'S Lire This account is practically repeated by Diogenes Laertius in his Life of Aristotle, on the authority of the Chronicl ...

... ed the Mediterranean. Athens alone had withstood them with success. Finally the sea had overwhelmed Atlantis, and had thenceforward become unnavigable owing to the shoals which marked the spot. In the Critias Plato adds a history of the ideal commonwealth of A ...

... as employed by Ptolemy Euergetes, who sent out a fleet under him to explore the Arabian Sea. After two successful voyages, Eudoxus left the Egyptian service, and proceeded to Cadiz with the object of fitting out an expedition for the purpose of African discove ...

... he Mahommedan parts of India and the east of Asia; the Shi'ites have their main seat in Persia, where their confession is the state religion, but are also scattered over the whole sphere of Islam, especially in India and the regions bordering on Persia, except ...

... f scholasticism, ancient literature found a somewhat less inadequate channel in Arabian and partly even in Jewish scholarship. Aristotle was no Arabian longer strained through the meshes of Boetius; study ot and the new light inspired Roscellinus with heresy. ...

... est by many rivers, the floods of which, arrested by the peculiar action of the Arabian Sea, spread themselves out into lagoons or backwaters, connected here and there by artificial canals, and forming an inland line of smooth-water communication for nearly th ...

... on. They are entirely marine, and are not uncommon in tne coralline zone of the sea-coast. The species are few, not more than fifty (23). Some large species of peculiar genera are taken at great depths. Their movements are extremely sluggish. They are especial ...

... ion of Lower Burma. It consists of a strip of country running along the eastern seaboard of the Bay of Bengal, from the Naaf estuary, on the borders of Chittagong. to Cape Negrais. Length from northern extremity to Cape Negrais, about 400 m.; greatest breadth ...

... le that the distinction drawn by Bede was based solely on the names Essex (East Seaxan), East Anglia, &c. We need not doubt that the Angli and the Saxons were different nations originally; but from the evidence at our disposal it seems likely that they had pra ...

... onal low cliffs and bluffs of red sandstone. There is but one deep inlet of the sea — Great Fish Bay (or Bahia dos Tigres), a little north of the Portuguese-German frontier. Farther north are Port Alexander, Little Fish Bay and Lobito Bay, while shallower bays ...

... t is built. It contains museums of paintings and archaeology. Angoule'me is the seat of a bishop, a prefect, and a court of assizes. Its public institutions include tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a council of tradearbitrators, a chamber of commer ...

... south, were annexed to Great Britain in 1867 and added to Cape Colony in 1874. Seal Island and Penguin Island are in the bay, Ichaboe, Mercury, and Hollam's Bird islands are to the north; Halifax, Long, Possession, Albatross, Pomona, Plumpudding, and Roastbee ...

... s concerned with the conduction of heat and with spectroscopy. In his optical researches, Optiska Undersokningar, presented to the Stockholm Academy in 1853, he not only pointed out that the electric spark yields two superposed spectra, one from the metal of t ...

ANICHINI, LUIGI, Italian engraver of seals and medals, a native of Ferrara, lived at Venice about 1550. Michelangelo >ronounced his " Interview of Alexander the Great with the ligh-priest at Jerusalem," "the perfection of the art." His medals of Henry II. of F ...

... the three stages of the cult of the hawk among the Kenyahs, the Kayans and the sea Dyaks. The Kenyans will not kill it, address to it thanks for assistance, and formally consult it before leaving home on an expedition; it seems, however, to be regarded as the ...

... ogical aspect. In many parts of the world il is held lhal Ihe human body is the seat of more than one soul; in the island of Nias four are distinguished, ihe shadow and ihe intelligence, which die wilh the body, a tutelary spirit, lermed begot, and a second wh ...

... originally a Slav fortress; it obtained civic rights in 1 244 and joined the Hanseatic league. In 1648 it passed to Sweden, but in 1676 was retaken by Frederick William I. of Brandenburg, and after being plundered by the Russians in 1713 was ceded to Prussia b ...

... of Adis Ababa, in 9° 34' N., 39° 54' E., on a mountain about 8500 ft. above the sea. Ankober was made (c. 1800) by Menelek II. the place of detention of political prisoners. Pop. about 2000.

... Gr. &yKv\os, bent, crooked), a stiffness of a joint, the result of injury or disease. The rigidity may be complete or partial and may be due to inflammation of the tendinous or muscular structures outside the joint or of the tissues of the joint itself. When ...

... coast, in 18° 55' S., 47° 30' E. It is 135 m. W.S.W. of Tamatave, the principal seaport of the island, with which it is connected by railway, and for about 60 m. along the coast lagoons, a service of small steamers. The city occupies a commanding position, bei ...

... n in pursuit of more complete solitude, he w'ithdrew to the mountain by the Red Sea, where now stands the monastery that bears his name (Der Mar Antonios). Here he died about the middle of the 4th century. His Life states that on two occasions he went to Alexa ...

... ed " flowers of coral " were in fact nothing else than minute polyps resembling seaanemones. His discovery, made in 1727, was rejected by the Academy of Sciences of France, but eventually found acceptance at the hands of the Royal Society of London, and was pu ...

... thracite region of South Wales is confined to the contorted portion west of Swansea and Llanelly. the ANTHRACOTHERIUM— ANTHRAX central and eastern portions producing steam, coking and house coals. Anthracites of newer, tertiary or cretaceous age, are found in ...

... lenic fever, and malignant pustule), an acute, specific, infectious, virulent disease, caused by the Bacillus anthracis, in animals, chiefly cattle, sheep and horses, and frequently occurring in workers in the wool or hair, as well as in those handling the hid ...

... n. Deeply impressed by the gravity of the impending crisis, Lasker instituted a searching inquiry, with the result that he discovered a series of grave company scandals in which financial promoters and aristocratic directors were chiefly involved. Undeterred b ...

... — " Man's feeble race what ills await, Labour, and Penury, the racks of Pain, Disease and "Sorrow's weeping Train, And Death, sad refuge from the storms of Fate," &c. When the sections of the chorus have ended their responses, they unite and close in the epode ...

... . Of the famous temple of Fortune (Horace, Od. i. 35) no remains are known. The sea is encroaching slightly at Anzio, but some miles farther north-west the old Roman coast-line now lies slightly inland (see TIBER). The Volscian city stood on higher ground and ...

... in Bar, so called by the Venetians from its position opposite Bari in Italy), a seaport of Montenegro which until 1878 belonged to Turkey. Pop. (1000) about 2500. The old town is built inland, on a strip of country running between the Adriatic Sea and the Suto ...

... 9" S. lat. and 70° 24' 39" W. long. Pop. (est. 1902) 16,084. Antofagasta is the seaport for a railway running to Oruro, Bolivia, and is the only available outlet for the trade of the south-western departments of that republic. The smelting works for the neighb ...

... command (similar to that bestowed upon Pompey by the Gabinian law) to clear the sea of pirates, and thereby assist the operations against Mithradates VI. He failed in the task, and made himself unpopular by plundering the provinces (Sallust, Hist, iii., fragme ...

... isited Voltaire at Ferney for three months, but was more attracted by J. J. Rousseau, with whom he became somewhat intimate. He published a Mimoire sur Us ttats-gtntraux, supported the Revolution enthusiastically when it broke out, was elected deputy, and took ...

... er of Ireland, in the province of Ulster. It is bounded N. and E. by the narrow seas separating Ireland from Scotland, the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea, S. by Belfast Lough and the Lagan river dividing it from the county Down, W. by Lough Neagh, dividing it fr ...

... of the best fortified positions in Europe, and so long as its communications by sea are preserved intact it will be practically impregnable. Two subsidiary or minor problems remained over, (i) The much-discussed removal of the existing enceinte in order to giv ...

... that there are good reasons for believing this place to have been the original seat of the Anu cult. If this be correct, then the goddess Nana (or Ishtar) of Erech was presumably regarded as his consort. The name of the god signifies the " high one " and he w ...

... y, was born at Paris on the 1 1 th of July 1697. His passion for geographical research displayed itself from early years: at the age of twelve he was already amusing himself by drawing maps for Latin authors. Later, his friendship with the antiquarian, Abbe Lo ...

... N.N.W. by rail of the town of Turin, and 48 m. direct, situated 1910 ft. above sea-level, at the confluence of the Buthier and the Dora Baltea, and at the junction of the Great and Little St Bernard routes. Pop. (1901) 7875. The cathedral, reconstructed in th ...