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ARCTIC (Gr. "Apxrot, the Bear, the northern constellation of Ursa Major), the epithet applied to the region round the North Pole, covering the area (both ocean and lands) where the characteristic polar conditions of climate, tic., obtain. The Arctic Circle is ...

ANTARCTIC (Gr. dirl, opposite, and &pxrot, the Bear, the northern constellation of Una Major), the epithet applied to the region (including both the ocean and the lands) round the South Pole. The Antarctic circle is drawn at 66° 30' S., but polar conditions of ...

... is a station on the line of railway from Madras to Beypur, but has ceased to be ARCTIC— ARCUEIL a military cantonment. The most famous episode in its history ii the capture and defence of Arcot by Clive. In the middle of the iSth it-iitury, during the war betw ...

... those living in the tropics is practically identical with those dwelling in the Arctic regions. Limits compatible with Life. — There are limits both of heat and cold that a warm-blooded animal can bear, and other far wider limits that a cold-blooded animal may ...

... (ARCHANGELSK), a government of European Russia, bounded N. by the White Sea and Arctic Ocean, W. by Finland and Olonets, S. by Vologda, and E. by the Ural mountains. It comprehends the islands of Novaya-Zemlya, Vaygach and Kolguev, and the peninsula of Kola. I ...

... sely allied species (A. angustifolia) , with very narrow leaves, is met with in Arctic Asia and America. The heads of flowers are large, 2 to 25 in. across, orange-yellow in colour, and borne on the summit of the stem or branches; the outer ray-flowers are an ...

... land flourishing even in 70° N. lat., while in Siberia its range extends to the Arctic Circle; in Norway its upper limit is said to coincide with that of the pine; trees exist near the western coast having stems 15 ft. in circumference. The wood of the aspen i ...

... has floras of the plains, the hills and the mountains; an alpine flora, and an arctic flora ; a flora of marshes, and a flora of steppes ; floras peculiar to the clay, the chalk, the sandstone and the slate formations. The number of different species is estim ...

... m that country. The limits of the eider's northern range are not known, but the Arctic expedition of 1875 did not meet with it after leaving the Danish settlements, and its place was taken by an allied species, the king-duck (S. spectabilis) , a very beautiful ...

... ia and perhaps Africa may have been connected more or less direclly with the Antarctic continent. Associated, no doubt, with the crustal movements which closed the Cretaceous and inaugurated the Eocene period, there were local and intermittent manifestations o ...

... lves " Innuit," " the people "), a North American Indian people, inhabiting the arctic coast of America from Greenland to Alaska, and a small portion of the Asiatic shore of Bering Strait. On the American shores they are found, in broken tribes, from East Gree ...

... ccupying Northern Europe, such as Finns, Lapps, Samoyedes and Ost yaks, and the Arctic Asiatic group represented by the Chukchis and Kamchadales; the Tunguses, Gilyaks and Golds north of, and the Mongols proper west of, Manchuria; the pure Turkic peoples and t ...

... chle in 1869 at 19,820 m., of which about 3600 were counted as belonging to the Arctic Ocean, 8390 to the Atlantic, and 7830 to the Black Sea and Mediterranean. This estimate, however, does not take into account minor indentations. Reclus's estimate, including ...

... ied the glacial phenomena of Switzerland, Spitzbergen and Greenland, making two Arctic expeditions in company with A. E. Nordenskiold. In 1866 he became professor of zoology and geology in the University at Lund, and in 1871 he was appointed chief of the Swedi ...

... ing from the Gulf of Mexico northward, far beyond the national boundary, to the Arctic Ocean. The rivers that drain the Atlantic slope of the Appalachians are comparatively short; those that drain the Pacific slope include only two, the Columbia and the Colora ...

VAYGACH (variously Waigats, Waigatch, &c.), an island off the Arctic coast of Russia, between it and Novaya Zemlya, bounded S. by the narrow Yugor Strait, and N. by that of Kara. It is roughly oblong in form; its length from S.E. to N.W. is 70 m., and its grea ...