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ARGUMENT, a word meaning " proof," " evidence," corresponding in English to the Latin word argumentum, from which it is derived; the originating Latin verb arguere, to make clear, from which comes the English " argue," is from a root meaning bright, appearing ...

AUGMENT (Lat. augere, to increase), in Sanskrit and Greek grammar the vowel prefixed to indicate the past tenses of a verb; in Greek grammar it is called syllabic, when only the e is prefixed; temporal, when it causes an initial vowel in the verb to become a d

ARMET (diminutive of Fr. arme), a form of helmet, which was developed out of existing forms in the latter part of the i5th century. It was round in shape, and often had a narrow ridge or comb along the top. It had a pivoted or hinged vizor and nosepiece, and c

ARGENTAN, a town of north-western France, capital of an arrondissement in the department of Ome, 27 m. N.N.W. of Alencon on the railway from Le Mans to Caen. Pop. (1906) 5072. It is situated on the slope of a hill on the right bank of the Orne at its confluenc

ARGENTON, a town of western France, in the department of Indre, on the Creuse, 19 m. S.S.W. of Ch&teauroux on the Orleans railway. Pop. (1006) 3638. The river is crossed by two bridges, and its banks arc bordered by picturesque old houses. There are numerous t

... ey too have souls; the same conclusion may have been reached by another line of argument; primitive psychology posited a spirit in a man to account, amongst other things, for his actions; a natural explanation of the changes in the external world would be that ...

... . They are of special interest from the important place assigned to them in the arguments of Darwin and the Evolutionists. It is generally admitted now that no fundamental anatomical difference can be proved to exist between these higher apes and man, but it i ...

... Bible; but they admit this position can only be reached at a late stage in the argument. We should note, however, that even a liberal orthodoxy, while saying nothing about infallibility, is pledged to the essential authority of the Bible; it cannot e.g. simpl ...

... w and higher level of responsibility. Thus both are hortatory writings, the one argumentative in form, the other prophetic, after the manner of later Old Testament prophets whose messages came in visions and similitudes. This prophetic and apocalyptic note, wh ...

... s chosen to defend his order, which he did with such success as to overcome the arguments of Guillaume de St Amour, the champion of the university, and one of the most celebrated men of the day. In 1257, along with his friend Bonaventura, he was created doctor ...

... s were shaping the modern doctrine of the undulatory theory of light. Fresnel's arguments in favour of that theory found little favour with Laplace, Poisson and Biot, the champions of the emission theory; but they were ardently espoused by Humboldt and by Arag ...

... 35 at his house in Cork Street, London. Among Arbuthnot's other works are: — An Argument for Divine Providence, taken from the constant regularity observed in the Births of both sexes (Phil. Trans, of the Royal Soc., 1710); " Virgilius Restauratus," printed in ...

... de. He made use of the Socratic method of instruction and left no writings. His arguments were marked by incisive humour and fertility of ideas. See R. Brodeisen, De Arcesila philosopho (1821); Aug. Geffers, De Arcesila (1842); Ritter and Preller, Hist, philos ...

... no absolute distinction between the organic and the inorganic, and (2) that the argument from final causes is no explanation of phenomena. Archytas may be quoted as an example of Plato's perfect ruler, the philosopher-king, who combines practical sagacity with ...

... e of Lords on the 25th of January 1705. It was proved in the course of the long argument in this case that the archbishop of Canterbury had undoubtedly exercised such independent power of visitation both before and after the Reformation; and it was on this pre ...

... the change made in 487 B.C. was a return to an obsolete method, and on the same argument it is odd that Solon's alleged system should not have been revived at the end of the Tyranny. On the other hand Herodotus (vi. tog) states that, in 490, before the battle ...

... this sanctuary as a health resort, especially for women, the goddess ARGOSTOLI— ARGUMENT Hera presiding over and protecting married life and childbirth. Finally, immediately to the north of this western stoa there is an extensive house of Roman times also conn ...

... the didactic work trtpl l&t&iv] (Fragm. 185 seq.), contending that the Platonic arguments prove not forms (ISiai) but only things common (TO Koii-d). Here, according to Alexander the commentator, he first brought against Plato the argument of" the third man " ...

... ought the dimensions of the ark as given by Moses too scanty . . . and hence an argument has been drawn against the authority of the relation. To solve this difficulty many of the ancient Fathers and the modern critics have been put to miserable shifts. But Bu ...

... sters of Delft, who had debated the point with him, dad, the better to turn his arguments, descended from the ARMISTICE— ARMOIRE supralaptarian to the infralapurian position, i.r. made the di\ in< I Hi prrrcde .in. I ilrirrminc, succeed the Fall. This seemed ( ...

... y this is the use of the word which is most familiar to the general public. The arguments in support of this use are set forth by him in the latter part of lecture vi. of the Lectures on the Science of Language (first series) and as an appendix to chap. vii. o ...

... abused him for his want of manners in giving a gentleman the lie, answered his arguments seriatim, and declared that the evidence of the publication of another almanac was wholly irrelevant, " for Gadbury, Poor Robin, Dove and Way do yearly publish their alma ...

... been arranged very much in their present order about 2800 B.C. E. W. Maunder's argument to this effect is unanswerable.4 For the space of the 1 Observations of Comets, translated from the Chinese Annals by John Williams, F.S.A. (1871). i J. L. E. Dreyer, Proc ...

... is taking place around 1 Faraday discussed the chemical theory of the pile and arguments in support of it in the 8th and i6th scries of his Experimental Researches on Electricity. De la Rive reviews the subject in his large Treatise on Electricity and Magnesl ...

... s. He was a sporadic observer. He saw by flashes. He said, " I do not know what arguments mean in reference to any expression of a thought." The coherence of his writing lies in his personality. His work is fused by a steady glow of optimism. Yet he states thi ...

... y whom the cave-floor and its contents might have been disturbed and mixed, his arguments have not been regarded as conclusive. There is, however, no doubt as to the great age of the Engis Skull. Discoveries of a like nature were made by Dr Schmerling in the n ...

... d state of affairs in the Church, it must be said that this can be a conclusive argument only to one who holds the view of the Tubingen scholars, that the Apostolic Age was all of a piece and was dominated solely by one controversy. The change in the situation ...

... s characteristic, and showed the strength of his conviction on the subject. His arguments in favour of Latin were chiefly drawn from its inherent fitness for epitaphial inscriptions and its classical stability. The first of these has a very considerable force, ...

... pen the Zwinglian doctrine of the Lord's Supper, replying (1565) to the counter arguments of the Lutheran Johann Marbach, of Strassburg. He ineffectually resisted the efforts of the Calvinists, led by Caspar Olevianus, to introduce the Presbyterian polity and ...

... rensic style was a most captivating wit, which, as Lord Jeffrey said, was " all argument, and each of his delightful illustrations a material step in his reasoning." Erskine was also the author of some poems, of which the best known is " The Emigrant " (1783). ...

... are clear, vigorous expositions of a moderate Calvinism, in which metaphysical argument and practical morality arc happily blended. In church politics he was the leader of the evangelical party; and was much beloved for his high character and amiability. For ...

... s land at what is now the Behring Straits. Acclimatization has been urged as an argument against the cradle-land theory, but the peopling of the globe took place in inter-Glacial if not pre-Glacial ages, when the climate was much milder everywhere, and thus pl ...

... ' " (Prof. Sanday in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, 3, 149). Paul caps his argument thus: — " Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons: ye cannot partake of the table of the Lord and of the table of demons. Or do we provoke the Lord to je ...

... he sincerity of Eudoxus's convictions, while giving a qualified approval to his arguments, considers him wrong in not distinguishing the different kinds of pleasure and in making pleasure the summum bonum. See J. A. Letronne, Sur les ecrites et les travaux d'E ...

... doubtedly to Asia and Europe respectively. Continuity of population would be an argument in favour of assigning the whole of the Urals to Europe, but here the absence of any break in such continuity on the east side makes it more difficult to fix any boundary ...

... d that the practice actually died out would seem to be equally clear. The whole argument of some of the controversial writings of the time, such as Bishop Cooper on Private Mass, depends upon that fact; and when Cardinal du Perron alleged against the English C ...

... cture (see GLUCOSE). This, however, does not disturb the tenor of the following arguments. XXVI. 2 and then further oxidizing this with Fenton's reagent, i.e. hydrogen peroxide and a trace of a ferrous salt : C4H,04(CH-OH)-CHO->C<H,04(CH-OH)-C02H->C,H,04-CHO H ...

... strive beyond the world of sense. The whole system of Telesio shows lacunae in argument, and ignorance of essential facts, but at the same time it is a forerunner of all subsequent empiricism, scientific and philosophical, and marks clearly the period of tran ...

... t of a passage of Scripture used as the subject of a sermon or discourse, as an argument or illustration in theological discussion or as a means of edification, exhortation or admonition. Technically the term is also applied to a particular form of writing in ...

... hestra : they do not exist, however, at Athens or Epidaurus, so that no general argument can be founded on their remains. The stage buildings of the earliest Greek theatres have been destroyed save for the foundations and architectural fragments, and the inter ...