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ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit ; cf . the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word tirma, weapons, Gr. Appfo, joint, and the reduplicated apapioiuir. to join), the human upper limb from the shoulder to the wrist, and ...

ARMET (diminutive of Fr. arme), a form of helmet, which was developed out of existing forms in the latter part of the i5th century. It was round in shape, and often had a narrow ridge or comb along the top. It had a pivoted or hinged vizor and nosepiece, and c ...

ARMADA, THE. The Spanish or Invincible Armada was the great fleet (in Spanish, armada) sent against England by Philip II. in 1 588. The marquis of Santa Cruz, to whom the command had first been given, died on the 0th of February 1588 (according to the Gregoria ...

ARMADILLO, the Spanish designation for the small mail-clad Central and South American mammals of the order Edentata, constituting the family Dasypodidae. The armature consists of a bony case, partly composed of solid buckler-like plates, and partly of movable ...

ARMAGEDDON, a name occurring in the Authorized Version of the English Bible in Rev. xvi. 16. The Revised Version has Harmagedon. The form is commonly regarded as the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew har megiddon, the mountain district of Megiddo. The writer is d ...

ARMAGH, an inland county of Ireland, in the province of Ulster, bounded N. by Lough Neagh, E. by Co. Down, S. by Louth and W. by Monaghan and Tyrone. The area is 327,704 acres, or about 512 sq. m. The general surface of the county is gently undulating and plea ...

ARMAGNAC, formerly a province of France and the most important fief of Gascony, now wholly comprised in the department of Gers (q.v.). In the isth century, when it attained its greatest extent, it included, besides Armagnac, the neighbouring territories of Fez ...

ARMATOLES (Gr. dp^aruX6t, a man-at-arms), the name given to some Greeks who discharged certain military and police functions under the Turkish government. When the Turks under Sul tan Mahommed 1 1. conquered Greece in the 1 5th century, many of the Greeks fled ...

ARMATURE (from Lat. armatura, armour), a covering for defence. In zoology the word is used of the bony shell of the armadillo. In architecture it is applied to the iron stays by which the lead lights are secured in windows. (See STANCHION and SADDLE: Saddle-Ba ...

ARMAVIR, (i) The ruins of the old capital of Armenia, on the S.E. slope of the extinct volcano Ala-geuz, according to legend, built by Armais, a grandson of Haik, in 1980 B.C., and the capital of the Armenian kings till the 2nd century A.D. Now a small village ...

ARMENTIERES. • town of northern France, in the department of Nord, on the Lys, i 3 m. W.N.W. of Lille on the Northern railway from that city to Dunkirk. Pop. (1006) 25,408. The rhicf building is the h6tel de ville with a i;th-tcntury belfry. There are communal ...

ARMFELT. OUSTAF MAURITZ, COUNT (1757-1814), son of Charles II. 's general, Carl Gustaf Armfelt, was born in Finland on the jist of March 1757. In 1774 he became an ensign in the guards, but his frivolity provoked the displeasure of Gustavus III. and he thought ...

ARMIDALE, a town in Sandon county, New South Wales, Australia, 313 m. by rail N. of Sydney. Pop. (1901) 4249. It lies at an elevation of 3313 ft., in a picturesque mountainous district, for the most part pastoral and agricultural, though it contains some alluv ...

ARMILLA, ARMIL or ARMILLARY SPHERE (from the Lat. armiltd, a bracelet), an instrument used in astronomy. In its simplest form, consisting of a ring fixed in the plane of the equator, the armilla is one of the most ancient of astronomical instruments. Slightly ...

ARMINIUS, the Latinized form of the name of HERMANN, or more probably ARMIN (17 B.C.-A.D. 21), the German national hero. He was a son of a certain Segimer, a prince of the tribe of the Cherusci, and in early life served with distinction as an officer in the Ro ...

ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and titter e, to »top), a suspension of hostilities by mutual agreement between two nations at war, or their respective force*. An armistice may be either general or particular; in the first case there is a complete cessation o ...

ARMOIRE, the French name (cf. ALMERY) given to a tall movable cupboard, or " wardrobe," with one or more doors. It has varied considerably in shape and size, and the decoration of its doors and sides has faithfully represented mutations of fashion and modifica ...

ARMORICA (AREMORICA), the Roman name, derived from two Celtic words meaning the " seaside " (ar, on, and mor, sea), for the land of the Annorici, roughly the peninsula of Brittany. At the time of the Roman advance on Gaul there were five principal tribes in Ar ...

ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901), American merchant and philanthropist, was born in Stockbridge, New York, on the i6th of May 1832. He was educated at Cazenovia Academy, Cazenovia, N.Y., worked for several years on his father's farm, and in 1852 with a smal ...

ARMSTEAD, HENRY HUGH (1828-1905), English sculptor, was first trained as a silversmith, and achieved the highest excellence with the " St George's Vase " and the " Outram Shield." He rose to the front rank among contemporary sculptors, his chief works being th ...

ARMSTRONG, ARCHIBALD (d. 1672), court jester, called " Archy," was a native of Scotland or of Cumberland, and according to tradition first distinguished himself as a sheepstealer; afterwards he entered the service of James VI., with whom he became a favourite. ...

... xecution he made an unsuccessful attempt at suicide by opening the veins in his arm.

... entering into correspondence with her, did not requite, but only regarded as a harmless fancy. Their friendship came to an abrupt end in 1811, owing to " Bettina's " insolent behaviour to Goethe's wife. In this year she married Ludwig Achim von Arnim (?.».), b ...

... forms the boundary' between the division and Chittagong; (2) the Myu river, an arm of the sea, running a course almost parallel with the coast for about 50 m.; (3) the Koladaing river, rising near the Blue mountain, in the extreme north-east, and falling into ...

... h and iyth centuries and possibly later. Crucifixes are used as potent fetish charms or as symbols of power passing down from chief to chief; whilst every native has a " Santu " or Christian name and is dubbed dom or dona. Fetishism is the prevailing religion ...

... yean after in 1635, during the Thirty Years' War, be was general of the French army in Lorraine. In 1636 he was made lieutenantgeneral of the army. He appears to have retired from public life shortly after the death of Richelieu in 1643. His first wife died i ...

... hief works of Francois are the monument to Cardinal de Berulle, founder of the Carmelite order, in the chapel of the oratory at Paris, of which all but the bust has been destroyed, and the mausoleum of Henri II., last due de Montmorency, at Moulins. To Michel ...

... ention with Prussia of 1867 the Anhalt troops form a contingent of the Prussian army. Appeal from the lower courts of the duchy lie* to the appeal court at Naumburg in ian Saxony. History.— During the 1 1 th century the greater part of Anhalt was included in t ...

... lled the "Old Dessauer" (Alter Dessauer), general field marshal in the Prussian army, was the only surviving son of John George II. , prince of Anhalt-Dessau, and was born on the 3rd of July 1676 at Dessau. From his earliest youth he was devoted to the profess ...

ANI (anc. Abnicum), an ancient and ruined Armenian city, in Russian Transcaucasia, government Erivan, situated at an altitude of 4390 ft., between the Arpa-chai (Horfxuiu) and a deep ravine. In 961 it became the capital of the Bagratid kings of Armenia, and wh ...

... nimals, John Hunter showed that the essential difference between the so-called warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals lies in the constancy of the temperature of the former, and the variability of the temperature of the latter. Those animals high in the scale o ...

... od, Hanuman, is a prominent figure; in orthodox villages monkeys are safe from harm. Monkeys are said to be worshipped in Togo. At Porto Novo, in French West Africa, twins have tutelary spirits in the shape of small monkeys. Serpent. — The cult of the serpent ...

... ceable to the Gregorianpolyphonic " Passions." St Filippo admired Animuccia to warmly that he declared be had teen the Mill of hi* friend fly upwards towards heaven. In 1555 Animuccia was appointed maestro di capella at St Peter's, an office which he held unti ...

... opens their nests with its powerful sharp anterior claws, and as the insects swarm to the damaged part of their dwelling, it draws them into its mouth by means of its long, flexible, rapidly moving tongue covered with glutinous saliva. The great anteater is t ...

... art of the 6th century B.C. He was the author of the group of the tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogeiton, set up by the Athenians on the expulsion of the Peisistratidae, and carried away to Persia by Xerxes. A basis with the signature of Antenor, son of Eumar ...

... ae, so abundant and so closely interlocked as to form a tolerably firm and hard armour. The order comprises the families Xeniidae, Alcyonidat and Ncphlhyidae. Alcyonium digitatum, a pink digitate form popularly known as " dead men's fingers," is common in 10-2 ...

... also higher, a lump of anthracite feeling perceptibly colder when held in the warm hand than a similar lump of bituminous coal at the same temperature. The chemical composition of some typical anthracites is given in the article COAL. Anthracite may be consid ...

... the oldest AngloSaxon manuscripts contain many fantastic recipes, leechdoms, charms and incantations (or the prevention or cure of the " Ma. an blezenc " (black blain) and the relief of the " clfshot " creatures. In tin- i.Sth and i<>th centuries it sometimes ...

... in the shape of vertebral column, sternum and pelvis; in the adaptation of the arms for turning the palm uppermost at will; in the possession of a long vermiform appendix to the short caecum of the intestine; in the size of the cerebral hemispheres and the co ...

... nd all the democratic tendencies of occidental industrialism. Excluded from the army, the land, the trade corporations and the artisan gilds, this quondam oriental peasant was gradually transformed into a commercial middleman and a practised dealer in money. O ...