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ARNAULD, the surname of a family of prominent French lawyers, chiefly remembered in connexion with the Jansenist troubles of the i7th century. At their head was ANTOINE ARNAULD (1560-1619), a leader of the Paris bar; in this capacity he delivered a famous phil ...

... rfe. On the 27th of August, the valiant band, after many hardships and dangers, ARNAULD reached the Valley of St Martin, having passed by Sallanches and crossed the Col de Very (6506 ft.), the Enclave de la Fenetre (7425 ft.), the Col du Bonhomme (8147 ft.), t ...

ARNAULT, ANTOINE VINCENT (1766-1834), French dramatist, was born in Paris in January 1766. His first play, Marius a Mintumes (1791), immediately established his reputation. A year later he followed up his first success with a second republican tragedy, Lucrece

ARNAL, &TIENNB (1794-1872), French actor, was born at Meulan, Seine-et-Oise, on the ist of February 1704. After serving in the army, and working in a button factory, he took to the stage. His first appearance (1815) was in tragedy, and for some time he was uns

ARNOLD, known as " ARNOLD OF BRESCIA " (d. 1155), one of the most ardent adversaries of the temporal power of the popes. He belonged to a family of importance, if not noble, and was born probably at Brescia, in Italy, towards the end of the nth century. He dis

ARAL, a lake or inland sea in the west of Asia, situated between lat. 43° 30' and 46° 51' N., and long. 58° 13' and 61° 56' E. It was known to the ancient Arab and Persian geographers as the Sea of Khwarizm or Kharezm, from the neighbouring district of the Cho