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ARNETH. ALFRED. RITTER VON (1810-1807), Austrian historian, born at Vienna on the loth of July 1819, was the son of Joseph Calasanza von Arneth (1791-1863), a well-known historian and archaeologist, who wrote a history of the Austrian empire (Vienna, 1827) and ...

AUERSPERG, ANTON ALEXANDER, GRAF VON (1806-1876), Austrian poet, who wrote under the pseudonym of ANASTASIUS GRUN,wasbornon the nth of April 1806, at Laibach, the capital of the Austrian duchy of Carniola, and was head of the Thurn-amHart branch of the Carniol ...

AUSTIN. ALFRED (1835- ), English poet-laureate, was born at Headingley, near Leeds, on the 3oth of May 1835. His father, Joseph Austin, was a merchant of the city of Leeds; his mother, a sister of Joseph Locke, M.P. for Honiton. Mr Austin was educated at Stony ...

... e Jews themselves, was signed by a long list of illustrious men, including Herr von Forckenbeck, Professors Mommsen, Gneist, Droysen, Virchow, and Dr Werner Siemens (Times, November 18, 1880). During the Reichstag elections of 1881 the agitation played an acti ...

... d his reputation. In 1740 he wrote the music for Thomson and Mallet's Masque of Alfred, which is noteworthy as containing the most popular of all his airs — " Rule, Britannia!" In 1740 he also wrote his beautiful settings of the songs, " Under the greenwood tr ...

... and of the army in Hungary, on the recommendation of the veteran count Riidiger von Starhemberg, the defender of Vienna in 1683. It was about this time that Louis XIV. secretly offered him the baton of a marshal of France, with the government of Champagne whic ...

ESCHENMAYER, ADAM KARL AUGUST VON (1768-1852), German philosopher and physicist, was born at Neuenburg in Wurttemberg in July 1768. After receiving his early education at the Caroline academy of Stuttgart, he entered the university of Tubingen, where he receiv ...

ESCHER VON DER LINTH. ARNOLD (1807-1872), Swiss geologist, the son of Hans Conrad Escher (1767-1823), was born at Zurich on the 8th of June 1807. In 1856 he became professor of geology at the Ecole Polytechnique at Zurich. His researches led him to be regarded ...

ESMARCH. JOHANNES FRIEDRICH AUGUST VON (18231008), German surgeon, was born at Tim n ing, in SchleswigHolstein, on the gth of January 1823. He studied at Kiel and Gbttingen, and in 1846 became B. R. K. von Langenbeck's assistant at the Kiel surgical hospital. ...

ETTINGSHAUSEN. CONSTANTIN. BARON VON (1826-1897), Austrian geologist and botanist, was born in Vienna on the i6th of June 1826. He graduated as a doctor of medicine in Vienna, and became in 1854 professor of botany and natural history at the medical and surgic ...

VARNHAGEN VON ENSE, KARL AUGUST (1785-1858), German biographer, was born at Dusseldorf on the 2ist of February 1785. He studied medicine at Berlin, but devoted more attention to philosophy and literature, which he afterwards studied more thoroughly at Halle an ...

... Copernicus), Cicero, Favorinus, Sextus Empiricus, Juvenal, and in a later age Savonarola and Pico della Mirandola, and La Fontaine, a contemporary of the neutral La Bruyere, were all pronounced opponents of astrology. In England Swift may fairly claim the cred ...

... that the attraction between the rubbed body and the test object is mutual. Otto von Guericke (1602-1686) constructed the first electrical machine with a revolving ball of sulphur (see ELECTRICAL MACHINE), and noticed that light objects were repelled after bein ...

... Minna Bolingbroke and Elizabeth Armstrong (Mrs Watson and Mrs Stanhope Forbes), Alfred East, Robert Macbeth, Walter Sickert, Robert Gog, Mortimer Menpes, Percy Thomas, Raven Hill, and Prof. H. von lerkomer, in England; in France, Roussel, J. F. Raffaelli (b. 1 ...

... t. has been given: — Humboldt, ,.„ Lapparent,1 960 ft. ; Murray,4 939 ft.; ft.; von Tillo,* 1040 it.; Heiderich,7 1230 ft.; Penck,1 meat of iht highnecessary, the nearest multiple of 5 ft. has been given: — Humboldt, 675ft-: Leipoldt,»975ft.: De ' Sujpan,' 950 ...

... Liebe (1830), showed little originality; but his second production, Der letste Ritter (1830), brought his genius to light. It celebrates the deeds and adventures of the emperor Maximilian I. (1493-1519) in a cycle of poems written in the strophic form of the ...

SUTTNER, BERTHA, BARONESS VON (1843- ), Austrian writer, was born at Prague on the 9th of July 1843, the daughter of Count Franz Kinsky, Austrian field marshal, who died shortly after her birth. On her mother's side she was descended from the family of the Ger ...

... tain were Sir Henry Irving and Mr Beerbohm Tree, both actor-managers, Mr Hubert von Herkomer, R.A., Sir L. Alma-Tadema, R.A., and Mr Edwin O. Sachs, architect. Although almost last in the application of stage reform in its best sense, England really completed ...

... despread unconformity. Subcarboniferous, or Mississippian. Palaeozoic . .• -i Devonian. Silurian. Widespread unconformity. Ordovician. Cambrian. Great unconformity. Keweenawan. Widespread unconformity. Upper Huronian. Widespread unconformity. Middle Huronian. ...

... literature which preceded the Norman Conquest. It goes back to the time of King Alfred, who seems to have frequently used the title rex Anglorum Saxonum or rex Angul-Saxonum. The origin of this title is not quite clear. It is generally believed to have arisen ...

... hrer Fursten unter dent Drucke des 30 jahrigen Krieges (Leipzig, 1861-1866); O. von Heinemann, Codex diplomatic** Anhaltinus (Dessau, 1867-1883); Siebigk, Das Herzogthum Anhalt historisch, geographisch und statistisch dargestellt (Dessau, 1867).

... ears of peace,and especially after a court quarrel (1725) and duel with General von Grumbkow, he devoted himself to the training of the Prussian army. The reputation it had gained in the wars of 1675 to 1713, though good, gave no hint of its coming glory, and ...

... that on reducing nitrobenzene, a base was formed which he named bcnzidam. A. W. von Hofmann investigated these variously prepared substances, and proved them to be identical, and thenceforth they took their place as one body, under the name aniline or phenylam ...

... rpent; a snake was kept and fed with milk in the temple of Potrimpos, an old Slavonic god. To this day there are numerous traces in popular belief, especially in Germany, of respect for the snake, which seems to be a survival of ancestor worship, such as still ...

... r-spar are loosely applied. It was first recognized as a distinct species by W. von Haidinger in 1825, and named by him after M. J. Anker of Styria. (L. J. S.)

... o propitiate the dead who had perished in the flood of Deucalion. See F. Hiller von Gartringen in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencydopddie fs.v.) ; J. Girard in Daremberg and Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquites s.v. "Dionysia"); and F. A. Voigt in Roscher's Lexikon der ...

... ii aem bibliotheca patristica (1880, vi. pp. 555 et sqq.) ; see art. " Antonius von Padua " in Herzog-Hauck, Reafencyklopadie.

... . Every Alcyonarian FlG- 4._Transverse section of an colony is developed by Alc vonarjan zooid. mm. Mesenteries; budding from a single mf> muscie banners; sc, sulcus; st, parent zooid. The buds d are not direct outgrowths of the body-wall, but are formed on th ...

... Scotland, and " Kilkenny coal " in Ireland. The imperfect anthracite of north Devon, which however is only used as a pigment, is known as culm, the same term being used in geological classification to distinguish the strata in which it is found, and similar st ...

... while it is epizootic, and even panzootic, in the swampy regions of Esthonia, Livonia, Courland, and especially of Siberia, where it is known as the Sibirskajajaswa (Siberian boil-plague). The records of anthrax go back to a very ancient date. It is supposed t ...

... Cainozoic age. At Cushendun, however, a coarse conglomerate is believed to be Devonian, while Lower Carboniferous Sandstones, with several coal-seams, form a small productive basin at Ballycastle. The dolerite of Fair Head sends off sheets along the bedding-pl ...

... in the following year made a success with his anti-clerical drama, Der Pfarrer von Kirchfeld, he gave up his appointment and devoted himself entirely to literature. He died at Vienna on the loth of December 1889. Anzengruber was exceedingly fertile hi ideas, ...

... tals from Norway and Canada. Francolite, from Wheal Franco, near Tavistock in Devonshire, and also from several Cornish mines, occurs as crystallized stalactitic masses. In APATURIA— APELLES addition to these crystallized varieties, there are massive varieties ...

... reatise on Conic Sections (Cambridge, 1896) ; see also H. G. Zeuthen, Die Lekre von den Kegelschnitten im Altertum (Copenhagen, 1886 and 1902). (T. L. H.)

... tch of the Life of Apollonius of Tyana (New York, 1886); F. C. Baur, Apollonius von Tyana und Christus, ed. Ed. Zeller (Leipzig, 1876, — an attempt to show that Philostratus's story is merely a pagan counterblast to the New Testament history); J. Jessen, Apoll ...

... High German minnesinger, contains some of the episodes of Apollonius ; Heinrich von Neustadt wrote a poem of 20,000 lines on Apollonius von Tyrland (c. 1400); the story was well known in Spanish, Libre de Apolonio (verse, c. 1200), and in J. de Timoneda's Palr ...

... terialism in J. O. de la Mettrie; and at least one of the Encyclopedists (P. H. von Holbach) capped materialism with confessed atheism. In Germany the parallel movement of " illumination " (H. S. Reimarus; J. S. Semler, pioneer in N.T. criticism; and a layman, ...

... rk by certain Jerusalem leaders with letters of introduction/2 Cor. iii. I ; E.Jvon DobschOtz, Probleme der apost. Zeitalters, p. 106). 2. The Twelve. — When Jesus selected an inner circle of disciples for continuous training by personal intercourse, his choic ...

... life working below all conscious apprehension of the deeper ideas involved (E. von Dobschutz, Christian Life in the Primitive Church, 1905). There is continuity in character; the Apostolic Fathers strike us as truly good men, with a goodness raised to a new t ...

... eating of the organisms of the Mediterranean. One is Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, the other Mittlteilungen aus der zoologisehen Station zu Neapel. The former consists of monographs in which special groups of animals and plants are most exhaustively t ...