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MVP seed record for the American Cyclopaedia United States article. It is included to test historical comparison against later Americana and Britannica records.

MVP seed record for Americana 1920 astronomy coverage. The production article parser will preserve sections and page references for long scientific entries.

MVP seed record for the Americana 1920 electricity article. It represents the target article shape: clean text, edition metadata, article-level provenance, and links back to the original text and scan sources.

MVP seed record for the Americana 1920 telegraph article. The record is meant to exercise topic grouping, source filters, and scan provenance links.

MVP seed record for the Americana 1920 United States article. This article will eventually be one of the best comparison tests because an American encyclopedia has different emphasis than British sources.

ART, a word in its most extended and most popular sense meaning everything which we distinguish from Nature. Art and Nature are the two most comprehensive genera of which the human mind has formed the conception. Under the genus Nature, or the genus Art, we in ...

ART AND PART, a term used in Scots law to denote the aiding or abetting in the perpetration of a crime, — the being an accessory before or at the perpetration of the crime. There is no such offence recognized in Scotland as that of being an accessory after the ...

ARTA (Narda, i.e. a> "A.pda, or Zarta, i.e. «'s "\pra), a town of Greece, in the province of Arta, 59 m. N.N.W. of Mesolonghi. Pop. about 7000. It is built on the site of the ancient Ambracia (?.».), its present designation being derived from a corruption of t ...

ARTEL (Russ. for "gang"), the name for the co-operative associations in Russia. Originally, the artels were true examples of productive co-operation, bodies of working-men associating together for the purpose of jointly undertaking some piece of work, and divi ...

ARTABANUS, the name of a number of Persian princes, soldiers and administrators. The most important are the following: — 1. Brother of Darius I., and, according to Herodotus, the trusted adviser of his nephew Xerxes. Herodotus makes him a principal figure in e ...

ARTAPHERNES. more correctly ARTAPHRENES, brother of Darius Hystaspis, and satrap of Sardis. It was he who received the embassy from Athens sent probably by Cleisthenes (^.r.) in 507 B.C., and subsequently warned the Athenians to receive back the " tyrant " Hip ...

ARTAXERXES, a name representing Pers. Artakkihatra, he whose empire is well-fitted " or " perfected ", Heb. Artakkshasta, Bab. Artakshatsu, Susian Irtakshaskska (and variants), Gr. '\pratipfrtt, 'ApTo{fp£i7», and in an inscription of Tralles (Dittenbergcr, Syl ...

ARTEDI, PETER (1705-1735), Swedish naturalist, was born in the province of Angermania, in Sweden, on the 22nd of February 1705. Intending to become a clergyman, he went, in 1724, to study theology at Upsala, but he turned his attention to medicine and natural ...

ARTEMIDORUS. (i) A geographer " of Ephesus " who flour ishcd about 100 B.C. After studying at Alexandria, he travelled extensively and published the results of his investigations in a large work on general geography (TA yiuypa.<t>ovntra) in eleven books, much ...

ARTEMIS, one of the principal goddesses in Greek mythology, the counterpart of the Roman Diana. The suggested etymologies of the name (see O. Gruppe, Griechische hfythologie, ii.p. 1 267, note 2), as in the case of most of the Olympian deities, are unsatisfact ...

ARTEMISIA, daughter of Lygdamis, was queen of Halicarnassus and Cos about 480 B.C. Being a dependent of Persia, she took part in person in the expedition of Xerxes against the Greeks, and fitted out five ships, with which she distinguished herself in the sea-f ...

ARTEMON (fl. c. A.D. 230), a prominent Christian teacher at Rome, who held Adoptianist (see ADOPTIANISM), or humanitarian views, of the same type as his elder contemporaries the Theodotians, though perhaps asserting more definitely than they the superiority of ...

ARTENA, a village of Italy, in the province of Rome, situated at the N.N.W. extremity of the Volscian Mountains; it is 36 m. S.E. by rail, and 24 m. direct from Rome. Pop. (1901) 5016. On the mountain above it (2073 ft.) are the fine remains of the fortificati ...

ARTEOA, a tribe of African " Arabs," said to be descendants of a sheik of that name who came from Hadramut in preIslamic days, settling near Tokar. The name is said to be " patrician," and the Artega may be regarded as the most ancient stock in the Suakin dist ...

ARTERIES (Gr. apnrtpia, probably from alpeiv, to raise, but popularly connected by the ancients with ar/p, air), in anatomy, the elastic tubes which carry the blood away from the heart to the tissues. As, after death, they are always found empty, the older ana ...

ARTERN, a town of Germany, in Prussian Saxony, on the Unstrut, at the influx of the Helme, at the junction of railways to Erfurt, Naumburg and Sangerhausen, 8 m. S. of the last named. Pop. 5000. It has an Evangelical church, an agricultural college and some ma ...

ARTESIAN WELLS, the name properly applied to watersprings rising above the surface of the ground by natural hydrostatic pressure, on boring a small hole down through a series of strata to a water-carrying bed enclosed between two impervious layers ; the name i ...

ARTEVELDE. JACOB VAN (c. 1290-1345), Flemish statesman, was born at Ghent about 1290. He sprang from one of the wealthy commercial families of this great industrial city, his father's name being probably William van Artevelde. His brother John, a rich cloth me ...

ARTHROPODA. The Arachnida form a distinct class or line of descent in the grade Euarthropoda, diverging (perhaps in common at the start with the Crustacea) from primitive Euarthropods, which gave rise also to the separate lines of descent known as the classes ...

ARTUSI. GIOVANNI MARIA. Italian composer and musical theorist, was born in Bologna, and died on the i8th of August 1613. He was canonico regutare at the church of San Salvatore in his native city. He is chiefly famous in the history of music for his attacks up ...

... e of 4% in the decade. The aspect of the country, in the eastern a*nd southern parts, is flat and uninteresting; but the western parts, where it runs along the foot of the Eastern Ghats, as well as all the country northwards from Trivellam to Tripoli and the K ...

... me), a form of helmet, which was developed out of existing forms in the latter part of the i5th century. It was round in shape, and often had a narrow ridge or comb along the top. It had a pivoted or hinged vizor and nosepiece, and complete chin, neck and chec ...

... e returned home, was for two years a private tutor in the family of Ludwig Kosegarten (1758-1818), pastor of Wittow and poet, and having qualified for the ministry as a " candidate of theology," assisted in the church services. At the age of twentyeight he ren ...

ARSOT, the name of a forest in France, in the immediate neighbourhood of Belfort. It has an area of about 1500 acres, is almost encircled by a small stream, the Eloie, and is about 1400 ft. above the sea. On the east it is continued by the forest of Denney, wh

... lus polypkemus. A, Dorsal; B, ventral view. (From KoncMt and Heider. after Leuckart.) Peripatus, Diplopoda, Hexapoda and Chilopoda. Probably tracheae have developed independently by the same process in several groups of tracheate Arachnids. The nomomeristic Ar ...

... hern extremity to Cape Negrais, about 400 m.; greatest breadth in the northern part, oo m., gradually diminishing towards the south, as it is hemmed in by the Arakan Yoma mountains, until, in the extreme south, it tapers away to a narrow strip not more than 15 ...

AESAPHES, in Egyptian Hartkafe, " he who is upon his lake," the ram-headed god of Heracleopolis Magna, gained an ephemeral importance during the IXth Dynasty, which arose from his town. Outwardly, be resembles Khnum. Little is known about him, and he is seldom ...

... at is to say, are identical in the structure and relation of so many important parts with Scorpio, whilst differing in those respects from other Arthropoda, that it is impossible to suppose that the identity is due to homoplasy or convergence, and the conclusi ...

... Thomas Cranmer;&c. Estlenne. - Equation. Euseblus: of Caesarea. Eschatology. Espartero. Elasticity. Enamel. Embroidery (in part). Elizabeth, Queen; Eiuser; Englefleld; English History (VII. and

... , their stories are distinguished by simplicity and genuine descriptive power, particularly in the battle scenes and in connexion with Alsatian peasant life. They are marked by a genuine democratic spirit, and by real patriotism, which developed after 1870 int ...

... s is the fact that West Saxon writers regularly speak of their own nation as a part of the Angelcyn and of their language as Englisc, while the West Saxon royal family claimed to be of the same stock as that of Bernicia. On the other hand, it is by no means im ...

... districts: four on the coast, the fifth, Lunda, wholly inland, being the N.E. part of the province. Lunda is part of the old Bantu kingdom of Muata Yanvo, divided by international agreement between Portugal and the Congo Free State. The coast divisions of Ang ...

... olonel of horse, and in that capacity served in the campaigns during the early part of the reign. But the connexion between the king and the marchioness of Verneuil appears to have been very displeasing to Auvergne, and in 1601 he engaged in the conspiracy for ...

ANGOULEME. a city of south-western France, capital of the department of Charente, 83 m. N.N.E. of Bordeaux on the railway between Bordeaux and Poitiers. Pop. (1006) 30,040. The town proper occupies an elevated promontory, washed on the north by the Charente an ...

... agged as an OCR-backed source candidate because the production parser will need article boundary detection and cleanup before text is trusted.