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ASAF-DD-DOWLAH, nawab wazir of Oudh from 1775 to 1797, was the son of Shuja-ud-Dowlah, his mother and grandmother being the begums of Oudh, whose spoliation formed one of the chief counts in the charges against Warren Hastings. When Shuja-ud-Dowlah died he lef ...

ASAFETIDA (asa, Lat. form of Persian o*a = mastic, and fetidus, stinking, so called in distinction to asa dtdcis, which was a drug highly esteemed among the ancients as laser cyrenaicum, 7MASAF-UD-DOWLAH— ASBESTOS and it supposed to have been a gummy exudation ...

... nd studied the Vedic philosophy in the hope of solving the old problem of the Buddha, — how to alleviate human misery and attain final liberation. About 1866, when he had begun to teach and to gather disciples, he first saw the Christian scriptures, which he v ...

... h, it tapers away to a narrow strip not more than 15 m. across. The coast is studded with islands, the most important of which are Cheduba, Ramrcc and Shahpura. The division has its headquarters at Akyab and consists of four districts — namely, Akyab, Northern ...

... nd conglomerates considered to be of Palaeozoic age. The outcrops are largely hidden under laterite. The median zone is composed largely of crystalline rocks with granites and some Palaeozoic unfossiliferous rocks. The littoral zone contains the only fossilife ...

... rare but terrible thunderstorms, when the dry bed of the Little Fish river is suddenly filled with a turbulent stream, the water finding its way into the bay. The islands off the coast of Angra Pequena, together with others north and south, were annexed to Gre ...

... from England, and to hand over Hermitage Castle, commanding the pass through Liddesdale into Scotland, on the condition of receiving English estates in compensation. In October 1491 he fortified his castle of Tantallon against James, but was obliged to submit ...

... arrangement between the lines of Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Bernburg, Cothen was added to Dessau. Anhalt-Bernburg had been weakened by partitions, but its princes had added several districts to their lands; and in 1812, on the extinction of a cadet branch, it wa ...

... yed his bravery at the hard-fought battle of Cassano. In the following year he added to his reputation in the battle of Turin, where he was the first to enter the hostile entrenchments (September 7, 1706). He served in one more campaign in Italy, and then went ...

... d the specific gravity 2-9. The colour is white, sometimes greyish, bluish or reddish. On the best developed of the three cleavages the lustre is pearly, on other surfaces it is of the ordinary vitreous type. Anhydrite is most frequently found in salt deposits ...

... es DYEING, FUCHSINE, SAFRANINE, INDUUNES, for more details on this subject. In addition to dyestuffs, it is a starting-product for the manufacture of many drugs, such as antipyrine, antifebrin, &c. Aniline is manufactured by reducing nitrobenzene with iron and ...

... rature of internal parts, or in women and some animals the vagina, uterus or bladder. F. °'' e o n « t Occasionally that of the urine a* it leave* the urethra may be of \ur. More usually the temperature is taken in the mouth, axilla or groin. Worm and Cold Blo ...

... l or even the use of a respectful name for the living animal at the other end. Added to this, in many works on the subject we find reliance placed, especially for the African facts, on reports of travellers who were merely visitors to the regions on which they ...

... ficient to show that its state was not identical with that of waking; when, in addition, the sleeper awoke to give an account of visits to distant lands, from which, as modern psychical investigations suggest, he may even have brought back veridical details, t ...

... by Fctis to have been maestro di capella at S. Giovanni in Laterano from the middle of January 155° until 1552, and to have died in 1363.

... ill vary slightly with the chemical composition. The colour is white, grey or reddish. Ankerite occurs with chalybite in deposits of iron-ore. It is one of the minerals of the dolomite-chalybite series, to which the terms brown-spar, pearl-spar and bitter-spar ...

... scientifically for over two hundred years, on account of its peculiar and forbidding appearance and its skilful and unique manner of entrapping prey by means of a pitfall. The abdomen is oval, sandy-grey in hue and beset with warts and bristles; the pro thora ...

... flood of Deucalion. See F. Hiller von Gartringen in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencydopddie fs.v.) ; J. Girard in Daremberg and Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquites s.v. "Dionysia"); and F. A. Voigt in Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologie (s.v. " Dionysos"); J. E. Harriso ...

... the monastery that bears his name (Der Mar Antonios). Here he died about the middle of the 4th century. His Life states that on two occasions he went to Alexandria, to strengthen the Christians in the Diocletian persecution and to preach against Arianism. Ant ...

... ished in an appendix to those of St Francis, in the Annalfs Minorum of Luke VV adding (Antwerp, 1623), and are also reproduced by Horoy, Medii aem bibliotheca patristica (1880, vi. pp. 555 et sqq.) ; see art. " Antonius von Padua " in Herzog-Hauck, Reafencyklo ...

... n of tentacles. The tentacles surround an area known as the peristome, in the middle of which there is an elongated mouth-opening surrounded by tumid lips. The mouth does not open directly into the general cavity of the body, as is the case in a hydrozoan poly ...

... 244° C. and passes back into the ordinary form. Chlorine and bromine form both addition and substitution products with anthracene; the addition product, anthracene dichloride, CuHioClj, being formed when chlorine is passed into a cold solution of anthracene in ...

... (see Virgil, Georg. iii.). It figures largely in the history of the early and middle ages as a devastating pestilence attacking animals, and through them mankind; the oldest AngloSaxon manuscripts contain many fantastic recipes, leechdoms, charms and incantati ...

... ntend that anti-Semitism is a mere atavistic revival of the Jew-hatred of the middle ages. The extreme section of the anti-Semites, who have given the movement its quasiscientific name, declare that it is a racial struggle — an incident of the eternal conflict ...

... efaction, and work was done in the way of finding how much of an agent must be added to a given solution, in order that the bacteria accidentally present might not develop. But for various reasons this was an inexact method, and to-day an antiseptic is judged ...

... d built a new harbour, the projecting moles of which are still extant. In the middle ages it was deserted in favour of Nettuno: at the end of the i;th century Innocent XII. and Clement XI. restored the harbour, not on the old site but to the east of it, with t ...

... peak of Rumiya (5148 ft.). At a few hundred yards' distance it is invisible, hidden among dense olive groves. Within, there is a ruinous walled village, and the shell of an old Venetian fortress, surrounded by mosques and bazaars; for Antivari is rather Turki ...

... th he interfered little in affairs of dogma and church discipline, although he addressed to the powers circulars enclosing the Syllabus (1864) and the acts of the Vatican Council (1870). His activity was devoted almost exclusively to the struggle between the p ...

... enice in 1472, where he painted for the Council of Ten; and died there in the middle of February 1479 (see Venturi's article in Thieme-Becker, Kiinstlerlexikon, 1907). His style is remarkable for its union — not always successful — of Italian simplicity with F ...

... vii. 39, 40; xxxviii. 10. On his trial see article in PaulyWissowa's Rcalencydopddie. 4. MARCUS ANTONIUS, commonly called MARK ANTONY, the Triumvir, grandson of Antonius the " orator " and son of Antonius Creticus, related on his mother's side to Julius Caesar ...

... broke out, was elected deputy, and took the oath to the constitution; but he suddenly changed his mind completely, became a defender of the monarchy and emigrated in 1700. He was the secret agent of the comte de Provence (Louis XVIII.) at different courts of ...

... ve basin at Ballycastle. The dolerite of Fair Head sends off sheets along the bedding-planes of these carboniferous strata. " Dalradian " schists and gneisses, with some dark limestones, come out in the north-east of the county, forming a moorlandregion betwee ...

... s hands in those of the king, take a special oath or trustis and fidelitas, in addition to the oath of fidelity sworn by every subject at the king's accession. This done, he was considered to be in truste dominion and bound to the discharge of all the services ...

... Rubens, Van Dyck, Titian and the chief Dutch masters. Antwerp, famous in the middle ages and at the present time for its commercial enterprise, enjoyed in the I7th century a celebrity not less distinct or glorious in art for its school of painting, which incl ...

... to have been the original seat of the Anu cult. If this be correct, then the goddess Nana (or Ishtar) of Erech was presumably regarded as his consort. The name of the god signifies the " high one " and he was probably a god of the atmospheric region above the ...

... me customary. In very early inscriptions the funerary prayers in the tombs are addressed to him almost exclusively, and he always took a leading place in them. In the scene of the weighing of the soul before Osiris, dating from the New-kingdom onwards, Anubis ...

... or concrete. In anatomy the term anvil is applied to one of the bones of the middle ear, the incus, which is articulated with the malleus.

... st spaces, which had before been covered with countries and cities, were thus suddenly reduced almost to a blank. D ' An ville was at first employed in the humbler task of illustrating by maps the works of different travellers, such as Marchais. Charlevoix, La ...

... Cornish mines, occurs as crystallized stalactitic masses. In APATURIA— APELLES addition to these crystallized varieties, there are massive varieties, fibrous, concretionary, stalactitic, or earthy in form, which are included together under the name phosphorite ...

... blished by L. Nix with German translation ( Drugulin, Leipzig, 1 889) . Halley added in his edition (1710) a restoration of Book viii., in which he was guided by the fact that Pappus gives lemmas " to the seventh and eighth books " under that one heading, as w ...