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AUDE, a river of south-western France, rising in the eastern Pyrenees and flowing into the Golfe du Lion. Rising in a small lake a short distance east of the Puy de Carlitte, it soon takes a northerly direction and flows for many miles through deep gorges of g ...

AUDEBERT, JEAN BAPTISTS (1739-1800), French artist and naturalist, was born at Rochefort in 1759. He studied painting and drawing at Paris, and gained considerable reputation as a miniature-painter. Employed in preparing plates for the Histoire des col&opteres ...

AUDEFROI LE BATARD, French tromere, flourished at the end of the 1 2th century and was born at Arras. Of his life nothing is known. The seigneur de Nesles, to whom some of his songs are addressed, is probably the chatelain of Bruges who joined the crusade of 1 ...

AUDLEY, or AUDELEY, SIR JAMES (c. 1316-1386), one of the original knights, or founders, of the order of the Garter, was the eldest son of Sir James Audley of Stratton Audley in Oxfordshire. When the order of the Garter was founded, he was instituted as one of ...

AUE, a town of Germany, in the kingdom of Saxony, at the confluence of the Mulde and Schwarzwasser, 21 m. S.W. from Chemnitz on the railway to Adorf. It has a school of lacemaking, foundries, and manufactures of machinery, tin-plate and cotton goods. Pop. (190

UHDE, FRITZ KARL HERMANN VON (1848- ), German painter, was born at Wolkenburg in Saxony. His artistic career, for which he studied first in Dresden, was interrupted for nearly ten years by military service, which included the two years of the Franco-German War

AUDAEUS, or AUDICS, a church reformer of the 4th century, by birth a Mesopotamian. He suffered much persecution from the Syrian clergy for his fearless censure of their irregular lives, and was expelled from the church, thereupon establishing an episcopal mona

... r he joined the league against James III. and his favourite Robert Cochranc at Lauder, where he earned his nickname by offering to bell the cat, i.e. to deal with the latter, beginning the attack upon him by pulling his gold chain off his neck and causing him ...

... t treaty of mutual neutrality which brought about the Franco-Russian alliance (Daudet, Hist. Dipl. de I' Alliance Franco-Russe, pp. 239 et. seq.). For nearly three years more the persecutions continued. Elated by the success of his crusade against the Jews, Po ...

... r he joined the league against James III. and his favourite Robert Cochranc at Lauder, where he earned his nickname by offering to bell the cat, i.e. to deal with the latter, beginning the attack upon him by pulling his gold chain off his neck and causing him ...

... ryU Papers (1834) ; Letters from A rchibald, <Hk Earl ofArgyle, to Ike Duke of Lauderdale (1829) ; Hist. MSS. Comm. vi. Rep. 606; Life of Mr Donald Cargile, by P. Walker, po. 45 et seq.; The 3rd Part of &e Protestant Plot . . . and a Brief Account of the Case ...

... edos (i 848), &c., contained parts written for him. He was twenty years at the Vaudeville, and completed at the various Parisian theatres a stage career of nearly half a century. Arnal was the author of Eptlre a bouft (1840), which is reprinted in his volume o ...

... nrauch (furnace-smoke) by Basil Valentine. It occurs naturally in the mineral claudetite, and can be artificially preparep! by burning arsenic in air or oxygen. It is obtained commercially by roasting arsenical pyrites in either a Brunton's or Oxland's rotator ...

... il 1771. G. D. Cassini, his son and his grandson were only primi inter pares. Claude Perrault's stately edifice was equally accessible to all the more eminent members of the Academy of Sciences; and researches were, more or less independently, carried on there ...

... f Balquhidder, Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask. He at first zealously supported Lauderdale's tyrannical policy, but after the raid of 1678, called the " Highland Host," in which Atholl was one of the chief leaders, he joined in the remonstrance to the king conc ...

... ists and engravers. The first who devoted himself to the art of engraving was Claude Audran, born 1 597, and the last was Benoit, Claude's great-grandson, who died in 1772. The two most distinguished members of the family are G6rard and Jean. GERARD, or GIRARO ...

... arseilles with L'Ours el It Pacha (1862), a musical version of one of Scribe's vaudevilles. This was followed by La Ckerckeuse d' Esprit (1864), a comic opera, also produced at Marseilles. Audran wrote a funeral march on the death of Meyerbeer, which was perfo ...

... , while from Martinsbruck, the last Swiss village, a carriage road leads up to Nauders (5 m.), whence it is 27 m. by road down the Inn valley to Landeck on the Arlberg railway, or 175 m. over the Reschen Scheideck Pass (4902 ft.) to Mais in the Vintschgau. The ...

... z and many others. On the other hand, the epistle has been defended by Bleek, Neauder, Reuss, B. Weiss, Meyer, Sabatier, Lightfoot, Hort, Sanday, Bacon, Jiilicher, Harnack, Zahn and many others. In recent years a tendency has been apparent among critics to acc ...

... tacked in the Confirmatio thesium; t.g. " Apostolum et Mosen adcoque Deum ipsum audes corrigere." See A. Bonnard, Thomas f.raste et la discipline eccltsiastique (1804); Caw, in AUgemeine deutsche Biog. (1877); G- V- Lechler and R. Stahelin, in A. Hauck's Rcale ...

... either Raphael or Rubens for line engraving; and in landscape the etchings of Claude had an influence which still continues, both Rembrandt and Claude being practical workmen in etching, and very skilful workmen. Ostade, Ruysdael, Berghem, Paul Potter, Karl Du ...

... or GIRARO, AUDRAN, the most celebrated French engraver, was the third son of Claude Audran, and was born at Lyons in 1640. He was taught the first principles of design and engraving by his father; and, following the example of his brother, went to Paris to pe ...

... s. His later verse is influenced by a close study of modern French writers, of Baudelaire and especially of Verlaine. He reflects French tendencies both in the subject-matter and style of his poems, in their eroticism and their vividness of description. His vo ...

... hat depended on visual signals, such as the semaphore or optical telegraph of Claude Chappe. The word is still sometimes employed in this sense, as of the ship's telegraph, by means of which orders are mechanically transmitted from the navigating bridge to the ...

THEURIET, CLAUDE ADHEMAR ANDRE (1833-1907), French poet and novelist, was born at Marly-le-Roi (Seine et Oise) on the 8th of October 1833, and was educated at Bar-leDuc in his mother's province of Lorraine. He studied law in Paris and entered the public servic ...

THIBAUDEAU, CLAIR ANTOINE, COMTZ (1765-1854), French politician, was born on the 23rd of March 1765, the son of Antoine de Thibaudeau (1730-1813), a lawyer of Poitiers and a deputy to the States-General of 1789. He was admitted to the bar in 1787, and in 1789 ...

... ther, Elizabeth Murray (d. 1698), afterwards countess of Dysart and duchess of Lauderdale, the mistress of Oliver Cromwell. In 1678 he became captain in the Guards, with which he served in Tangier, and in 1685 he was made lieutenant-colonel of a regiment of fu ...

... perhaps the most graceful cycle of them is " Les Prunes," attached by Alphonse Daudet to his Les Amoureuses in 1858; and there are delightful examples by Theodore de Banville. In Germany the triolet has attracted much attention. Those which had been written be ...

... Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution (2 vols., Boston, 1864), and Claude Halstead Van Tyne's The Loyalists in the American Revolution (New York, 1902) ; Herbert Friedenwald's The Declaration of Independence (New York, 1904), and John Hampden Hazelt ...