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Montereau Charles deliberately murdered the suppliant duke, as he knelt to do homage, thinking thereby that he would make an end of the Burgundian party (Sept. 9, 1419). This abominable deed gave northern France for twenty years to an English master. The young

attacks were made upon the bishops in the Martin Marprelate tracts printed by a secret press; their author is unknown, but some who were probably connected with them were executed for publishing seditious libels. Whitgift's firmness met with success. During th

was compelled to give up the earldoms of Northumberland and Cumberland, which his father Henry had received from Stephen. He received instead only the earldom of Huntingdon, too far from the border to be a dangerous possession, to which he had a hereditary rig

... he southern bank of the Congo (6° S., 12° E.) to the mouth of the Kunene river (17° 18' S., 11° 50' E.). The coast-line is some ooo m. long. On the north the Congo forms for 80 m. the boundary separating Angola from the Congo Free State. The frontier thence (i ...

... nothing else than minute polyps resembling seaanemones. His discovery, made in 1727, was rejected by the Academy of Sciences of France, but eventually found acceptance at the hands of the Royal Society of London, and was published by that body in 1 7 5 1 . Th ...

... utionary agitation. To this period belong the formidable names of Ludwig Borne (1786-1837), Heinrich Heine (1700-1854), Edward Ganz (1708-1839), Gabriel Riesser (1806-1863), Ferdinand Lassallc (1825-1864), Karl Marx (1818-1883). Moses Hess (1812-1875), Ignatz ...

... o Eudemus at intervals, as revised, and the later books were dedicated (after Kudcmus' death) t« King Attalus I. (241-197 B.C.). Only (our Books have survivril in (•n-ck, three more are extant in Arabic; the eighth has never been found. Although a fragment has ...

... cstants. (.'•. \\ . I.eilmitz devotes an introductory chapter in his Thtodicfr, 1710 (as against Pierre Baylc), to faith and reason. He is a good enough Lutheran to quote as a "mystery" the Eucharist no less than the Trinity, while he insists that truths above ...

... n 1420 when Venice annexed the territory of Udine. It was finally suppressed in 1751, and the sees of Udine and Gorizia (Gorz) established in its stead. Its buildings served as stone quarries for centuries, and no edifices of the Roman period remain above grou ...

... ths already furnished by reason, as some of the Arabian philosophers and Maimonidcs had acknowledged, but because it is the absolute source of our knowledge of the mysteries of the Christian faith; and then he lays down the relations to be observed between rea ...

... s Ben Cruachan with its summit of twin pyramids (3689 ft.), Ben More, in Mull (3172), Ben Ima (3318), Buachaille Etive (3345), Ben Bui (3106), Ben Lui (or Loy), on the confines of the shires of Perth and Argyll (3708), Ben Starav near the head of Loch Etive (3 ...

... s son, and, when Alexander came to Phaselis, he is said by Plutarch (Alexander, 17) to have decorated the statue of Theodectes in honour of his association with the man through Aristotle and philosophy. On the whole, then, it seems as if Aristotle began with d ...

ARNAUD, HENRI (1641-1721), pastor and general of the Vaudois or Waldcnsians of Piedmont, was born at Embrun. About 1650 his family returned to their native valley of Luserna, where Arnaud was educated at La Tour (the chief village), later visiting the college ...

... century, contains the marble monument to Charles (d. 1538), the last duke of Geldcrland of the Egmont dynasty. High up against the wall is an effigy of the same duke in his armour. The fine lofty tower contains a chime of forty-five bells. The Roman Catholic c ...

ARNIM, ELISABETH (BETTINA) VON (1785-1859), German authoress, sister of Klemens Brentano, was born at Frankforton-Main on the 4th of April 1785. After being educated at a convent school in Fritzlar, she lived for a while with her grandmother, the novelist, Sop ...

... ed it to be a bastard or semi-metal, and frequently called it arsenicum rex. In 1733 G. Brandt showed that white arsenic was the calx of this element, and after the downfall of the phlogiston theory the views concerning the composition of white arsenic were id ...

... ed him too, with .ill hi* children, in the third year of his reign (336) (Diod. 17.5; Strabo 15. 736; Trogus, Prol. x., Alexander's despatch to Darius HI.; Arrian ii. 14. 5, and the chronographcrs). In Plutarch, Dr furl. Alex. ii. 3. 5, he is called Oarsei, in ...

... fcrac. It occurs in two optically active forms, namely, as laevo-osparaginc and dcxtro-asparaginc. Laevo-asparagine was isolated in 1805 by L. N. Vauquclin. A. 1'iutti (Gaa. ekim. lid., 1887, 17, p. 126; 1888, 18, p. 457) synthesized the asparagincs from the m ...

... -Leclercq, Cumont and Boll have enabled us to fix with a considerable degree of dcfiniteness the middle of the 4th century B.C. as the period when Babylonian astrology began its triumphal march to the west, invading the domain of Greek and Roman culture and de ...

... rigee. But the apparent anomaly disappeared under Euler's powerful treatment in 1749, and his result was shortly afterwards still further assured by Clairault. The subject of planetary perturbations was next attacked. Euler devised in 1753 a new method, that o ...

... the elder man's character. " He was a shiftless person,- roving and magotic-headcd, and sometimes little better than erased. And being exceedingly credulous, would stuff his many letters sent to A. W. with follies and misinformations, which sometimes would gu ...

AUCHMUTY. SIR SAMUBL (1756-1812). Hritish general. was born at New York in 1756, and served as a loyalist in the American War of Independence, being given an cnsigncy in the royal army in 1777. and in 1778 a lieutenancy in the 45th- Foot, without purchase. Whe ...

AUDEBERT, JEAN BAPTISTS (1739-1800), French artist and naturalist, was born at Rochefort in 1759. He studied painting and drawing at Paris, and gained considerable reputation as a miniature-painter. Employed in preparing plates for the Histoire des col&opteres ...

... mam/ ha* remained above the sea; but the depression which lien immediately outiidc the Carpathian chain has at limes been covered by an arm of the sea and at other times has been i>il by a chain of salt lake*, to which the salt deposit* of \\ iehczka and numer ...

... nd; the Gasthauskirche, formerly the church of a Franciscan friary founded in 1317; and the Neue Kirche (1643-1647). Of its secular buildings, the Rathaus (town-hall), built in 1574-1576, on the model of that of Antwerp, with a lofty tower, and containing an i ...

... by Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, and was published in the Phil. Trans, for 1798. Rumford was engaged in superintending the boring of cannon in the military arsenal at Munich, and was struck by the amount of heat produced by the action of the boring bar up ...

... es of engraving — line-engraving, etching, mezzotint or wood-engraving — the woodcut is historically the earliest. Line-engraving is now practically obsolete, while etching and mezzotint have recently come more and more to the front. To the draughtsman the dif ...

... the subject, that whilst thick lines agree perfectly well with the nature of woodcut, they are very apt to give an unpleasant heaviness to plate engraving of all kinds, whilst thin lines have generally a clear and agreeable appearance in plate engraving. Never ...

... part) had been quelled by Darius, and thence harried the Etruscans (Herod, vi. 17). Their power is also shown by the fact that they made an alliance with the Carthaginians, with the result that they obtained control of Corsica (Herod, i. 166), and this union ...

... ssed; lastly, the meaning of the original rite is examined. St Paul (i Cor. xi. 17-34) attests that the faithful met regularly in church, i.e. in religious meetings, to eat the dominical or Lord's Supper, but that this aim was frustrated by some who ate up the ...

EUCRATIDES, king of Bactria (c. 175-129 B.C.), came to the throne by a rebellion against the dynasty of Euthydemus, whose son Demetrius had conquered western India. His authority was challenged by a great many other pretenders and Greek dynasts in Sogdiana, Ar ...

... h of Bjorneborg on the Finland side of that gulf gained about 2j sq. m. between 1784 and 1894, an amount greater than could be accounted for by the most liberal estimates of alluvial deposit, and the most careful investigation seems to show that on the Swedish ...

... oxes are mentioned, viz., " gentlemen's roomes " and " twoopennie roomes." A woodcut showing this arrangement of the interior is given in a collection of plays edited by Kirkman in 1672. The vexed question of the construction of these theatres has been much di ...

THOLUCK, FRIEDRICH AUGUST GOTTREU (1799-1877), German Protestant divine, was born at Breslau, on the 3oth of March 1799. He received his education at the gymnasium and university of his native town, and early distinguished himself by great versatility of mind ...

... cal Review (February 1897) ; H. Weil, Etudes sur I' antiquite grecque (1900), andC. Giarratani, Tirteo e i suoi carmi (1905). There are English verse translations by R. Polwhele (1792) and imitations by H. J. Pye, poet laureate (1795), and an Italian version b ...

... ontinues along the 49th parallel of north latitude to the Pacific (see Bulletin 171, U.S. Geological Survey). The area thus included is 3,026,789 sq. m.1 I. — PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Coast. — The Atlantic coast of the United States is, with minor exceptions, low; t ...

... for his services in 1505, a circumstance unexampled in Hungarian history. In 1517 Verboczy was appointed the guardian of the infant Louis II., and was sent on a foreign mission to solicit the aid of Christendom against the Turks. On his return he found the st ...

... etached Cachl, Gulumpaii and Famatina ranges project southward ; and the Sierra dc Santa Victoria, south of which are the Zenta, Aconquija, Ambato and Anoute ranges. These minor range*, excepting the Zenta. are separated from the Andean masses by comparatively ...

much influence on the later literature of Europe, were Englished in the nth century with considerable skill. To the same period belongs the curious tract on The Wonders of the East. In these works, and some minor productions of the time, we see that the minds

or entirely of cells directly derived from the surface epithelium, may be formed. In this way originate the central nervous system, the sensitive surfaces of the special sense organs, the glands, and the hairs, nails, &c. The epithelial cells possess typical m