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ENGINE (Lat. ingenium), a term which in the time of Chaucer had the meaning of " natural talent " or " ability," corresponding to the Latin from which it is derived (cf. " A man hath sapiences thre, Memorie, engin, and intellect also," Second Nun's Tale, 339); ...

ENGINEERING, a term for the action of the verb " to engineer," which in its early uses referred specially to the operations of those who constructed engines of war and executed works intended to serve military purposes. Such military engineers were long the on ...

ENGINEERS, MILITARY. From the earliest times engineers have been employed both in the field of war and on field defences. In modern times, however, the application of numerous scientific and engineering devices to warfare has resulted in the creation of many m ...

ENGHIEN, a town in the province of Hainaut, Belgium, lying south of Grammont. Pop. (1904) 4541. It is the centre of considerable lace, linen and cotton industries. There is a fine park outside the town belonging to the duke of Arenberg, whose ancestor, Charles

ENGIS, a cave on the banks of the Meuse near Liege, Belgium, where in 1832 Dr P. C. Schmerling found human remains in deposits belonging to the Quaternary period. Bones of the cavebear, mammoth, rhinoceros and hyena were discovered in association with parts of

... . This is probably the most economical method of obtaining power known; with an engine as small as 15 horse-power the expenditure of fuel is at the rate of only i Ib per horse-power hour, and with larger engines it is proportionately less. Large quantities of ...

... of the bureaucratic class they denounced the revolution as a Jewish conspiracy, engineered for exclusively Jewish purposes and designed to establish a Jewish domination over the Russian people. The government and even the intimates of the tsar became persuaded ...

... re extensive, and include iron and copper founding and the manufacture of steam-engines, machinery, chain-cables and a great variety of heavy iron goods. There are also glass-works and breweries.

... y crimes, put to death (Dio Cassius Ixix. 4). He also wrote a treatise on Siege Engines (HoXtop/CTjTiKd), which was dedicated to Hadrian.

... d and preserved, and the fishing tackle kept, together with the workshop of the engineer; on the first and second floors are workrooms, amongst others the botanical laboratory; on the third floor are store-rooms. In the basement of both buildings, which is con ...

... rtant scientific notices on astronomy and meteorology and occasionally on civil engineering, as well as interesting memoirs of members of the Academy. In 1830, Arago, who always professed liberal opinions of the extreme republican type, was elected a member of ...

... ense of duty. In 1788 he entered the corps of noble cadets in the artillery and engineering department, where his ability, especially in mathematics, soon attracted attention. In July 1791 he was made an adjutant on the staff of Count N. I. Saltuikov, who (Sep ...

... canvas and coarse linens, tanning, boot and shoe making, and bleaching, besides engineering works, iron foundries, chemical works, shipbuilding and fisheries. The harbour, originally constructed and maintained by the abbots, by an agreement between the burgess ...

... nd 40 ft. in depth. Archbald, named in honour of James Archbald, formerly chief engineer of the Delaware & Hudson railway, was a part of Blakely township (incorporated in 1818) until 1877, when it became a borough.

... ffluent steam. This subject he was led to study by the experience of a colliery engine-man, who noticed that he received a sharp shock on exposing one hand to a jet of steam issuing from a boiler with which his other hand was in contact, and the inquiry was fo ...

... ft it dismantled in 1674. It was refortified by the celebrated Dutch general of engineers.Coehoorn, in the beginning of the i8th century. In 1795 it was again stormed by the French, and in 1813 it was taken from them by the Prussians under Billow. Gardens and ...

... properties, the weight and cohesion of the materials which compose it. A steam engine works by the natural expansive force of steam, exerting a pressure upon one part of a system of arrangements, which pressure, by the mechanical properties of the lever, is t ...

... ors, roofs, &c. Excellent foundations for steam-hammers, dynamos and high-speed engines are made of asphaltic concrete. (B. R.)

... ffarel (1601-1681), the last of the Kabbalists, did not despise astrology as an engine of government. At the birth of Louis XIV. a certain Morin de Villcfranche was placed behind a curtain to cast the nativity of the future autocrat. A generation back the astr ...

... uler's adumbrated method of the variation of parameters into a highly effective engine of pcrturbational research. It was especially adapted to the tracing out of " secular inequalities," or those depending upon changes in the orbital elements of the bodies af ...

... t he " was to twift a runner that he and two of hit lords, without bow or other engine, would take a wild buck in a large park." Several romance* of the middle age*, quoted by Strutt (Sports and Pastimes of the P to pie of Kaflami), chronicle the fact that you ...

... sts. The principal manufactures are cordage and twine, agricultural implements, engines, pianos, boots and shoes, cotton and woollen goods, carpets and rugs, rubber goods, flour and machinery. The total factory product in 1905 was valued at §13,420,863; of thi ...

... s employ about 10,000 hands. It is also noted for its bleach and dye works, its engine works, foundries, paper factories, and production of silk goods, watches, jewelry, mathematical instruments, leather, chemicals, &c. Augsburg is also the centre of the acety ...

... e lumber, flour, cotton waste, cotton-seed oil and cake, ice, silk, boilers and engines, and general merchandise staples. Water-power for factories is secured by a system of " water-power canals " from a large dam across the Savannah, built in 1847 and enlarge ...

... ufacture of machinery, for industrial and agricultural purposes, and of railway engines is mainly concentrated in Vienna, Wiener-Neustadt, Prague, Briinn and Trieste; while the production of rolling stock for railways is carried on in Vienna, Prague and Graz. ...

... semi-scientific purposes; thus meteorological observations are carried on. The engineer under whose direction the tower was constructed was Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born at Dijon on the isth of December 1832), who had already had a wide experience in the con ...

... m. Eisenerz is connected with the mines by the Erzberg railway, a bold piece of engineering work, 14 m. long, constructed on the Abt's rack-and-pinion system. It passes through some beautiful scenery, and descends to Vordernberg (pop. 3111), an important centr ...

... s the government mint for copper coinage, which dates from 1735, the government engineering works, and the imperial factory for the cutting and polishing of malachite, jasper, marble, porphyry and other ornamental stones, the industrial establishments comprise ...

... AURORA POLARIS and MAGNETISM, TERRESTRIAL. The general principles of electrical engineering will be found in ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, and further details respecting the generation and use of electrical power are given in such articles as DYNAMO; MOTORS, ELECTRIC; T ...

... (see APENNINES). Railway communication in the plain of Emilia is unattended by engineering difficulties (except for the bridging of rivers) and is mainly afforded by the line from Piacenza to Rimini. This, as far as Bologna, forms part of the main route from ...

... the latitude of London, which is the unit of work generally adopted by British engineers,, and is called the " foot-pound." The most appropriate unit for scientific purposes is one which depends only on the fundamental units of length, mass and time, and is h ...

... ectively in the use of arms, javelin-throwing, archery and the use of artillery engines). Later, the sophronistae were superseded by a single official called cosmeles, elected for a year by the people, who appointed the instructors. When the ephebia instead of ...

... ol for the metal industries. There are, in the town or its neighbourhood, great engineering, gun-making, and rolling and polishing works and breweries. The largest mechanical works are those of Munktell and Tunafors. The Karl Gustaf Stads rifle factory was est ...

... bank, and embraces a college of literature, science and the arts, a college of engineering, a graduate school, and (at Portland) a school of law and a school of medicine. In the city is the Eugene Divinity School of the Disciples of Christ, opened in 1895. Eu ...

... n the Annales de geographic for January 1904, to the total steam-power in fixed engines officially given for 1903, and accordingly excludes gas and other engines not driven by steam- or water-power. 1 The proportion estimated in the official publication entitl ...

... and sappers and miners were to be officered from the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. The only English warrant and non-commissioned officers now to be employed in the native army were to be those of the Royal Engineers with the sappers and miners. A radic ...

... very extensively for copying documents, especially the plans of architects and engineers. The earliest discovered process, the ferroprussiate, is still the one most largely used, on account of its economy and permanence, combined with a simplicity of manipula ...

... numerous steam saw-mills, besides wood-pulp factories, steelworks, brickworks, engineering shops, breweries and joineries, but Sundsvall owes its chief importance to its export trade in timber (6 to 7 million cub. ft. annually), the bulk of which goes to Germ ...

... o, Milwaukee & Puget Sound and the Northern Pacific systems having shops here), engines, machinery, shoes, water pipes, preserves and beer. In 1905 the total value of the factory products was $12,501,816, an increase of 121-4% since 1900. The assessed property ...

... of which orders are mechanically transmitted from the navigating bridge to the engine room, but when used without qualification it usually denotes telegraphic apparatus worked by electricity, whether the signals that express the words of the message are visua ...