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ENGLISH CHAKKEL (commonly called "The Channel"; Fr. La Uanche, " the sleeve "), the narrow sea separating England from France. If its entrance be taken to lie between Ushant and the Scilly Isles, its extreme breadth (between those points) is about 100 m., and ...

... LLARD, M.A., F.R.HisT.Soc. f Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford. Professor of English History in the University I of London. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-1901."] Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Life of Thomas ...

ANGLO-SAXONS. The term " Anglo-Saxon " is commonly applied to that period of English history, language and literature which preceded the Norman Conquest. It goes back to the time of King Alfred, who seems to have frequently used the title rex Anglorum Saxonum ...

... sia frontier. It is of standard African gauge (3 ft. 6 in.) and is worked by an English company. It is intended to serve the Katanga copper mines. Besides these two main railways, there are other short lines linking the seaports to their hinterland. Apart from ...

... in the 9th century. In 1360 it was surrendered by the peace of Bretigny to the English; they were, however, expelled in 1373 by the troops of Charles V., who granted the town numerous privileges. It suffered much during the Wars of Religion, especially in 156 ...

... earls, which ended in 1381, the then holder of the title being summoned to the English parliament. Meanwhile John Stewart of Bonkyl, co. Berwick, had been created earl of Angus in a new line. This third creation ended with Margaret Stewart, countess of Angus ...

... composition than the congregational hymns. Several anthems are included in the English coronation service. The words are selected from Holy Scripture or in some cases from the Liturgy, and the music is generally more elaborate and varied than that of psalm or ...

... rly known as " dead men's fingers," is common in 10-20 fathoms of water off the English coasts. In the order PSEUDAXOMA the colonies arc upright and branched, of a number of short zooid* whose proximal end* are imbedded in a coenenchyma containing numerou* ram ...

... gracious medium of the tsaritsa, he angrily exclaimed within the hearing of an Englishman in the ante-room who was the bearer of the message, " Never let me hear you mention the name of that people again!" The Russian May Laws are the most conspicuous legisla ...

... ere is nothing more tedious and trivial than a pseudo-antithetical style. Among English writers who have made the most abundant use of antithesis are Pope, Young, Johnson, and Gibbon; and especially Lyly in his Euphues. It is, however, a much more common featu ...

... ness the word occurs in the Greek New Testament (Heb. ix. 34; i Peter iii. ai), English " figure." By theological writers antitype is employed to denote the reality of which a type is the prophetic symbol. Thus, Christ is the antitype of many of the types of t ...

... es' Stone," a prehistoric monument. A battle was fought near Antrim between the English and Irish in the reign of Edward III.; and in 1642 a naval engagement took place on Lough Neagh, for Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (who founded Antrim Castle in 1662) had ...

... y, daughter of Conn O'Neill, ist earl of Tyrone. He fought at first against the English government, participating in his brother James's victory over Sir John Chichester at Carrickfergus in November 1597, and joining in O'Neill's rebellion in 1600. But on the ...

... ouses were transferred from Bruges to Antwerp, and the building assigned to the English nation is specifically mentioned in 1510. In 1 560, a year which marked the highest point of its prosperity, six nations, viz. the Spaniards, the Danes and the Hansa togeth ...

... simpler lyrics. His longest piece, The Tears of Khorassan, was translated into English verse by Captain Kirkpatrick (see also PERSIA: Literature).

... f uncertain origin, possibly an imitation of the animal's chatter), the generic English name, till the i6th century, for animals of the monkey tribe, and still used specifically for the tailless, manlike representatives of the order Primates (?.».). The word i ...

... o Princeps (Florence, 1496) ; Merkel-Keil (with scholia, 1854) ; Seaton (1900). English translations: Verse, by Greene (1780); Fawkes (1780); Preston (1811); Way (1901); Prose by Coleridge (1889); see also Couat, La Potsie alexandrine; Susemihl, Geschichte der ...

... se of Christ and, in modern times, Voltaire and Charles Blount (1654-1693), the English freethinker, have adopted a similar standpoint. Apart from this extravagant eulogy, it is absurd to regard Apollonius merely as a vulgar charlatan and miracle-monger. If we ...

... elft, 1493), the French in Le Violier des histoires romaines (Paris, 1521), the English, by Laurence Twine (London, 1576, new ed. 1607), also of the Scandinavian, Czech, and' Hungarian tales. In England a translation was made as early as the nth century (ed. B ...

... hought " enlightened " (H. E. G. Paulus, 1761-1851, &c.). Among the innumerable English anti-deistic writers (see W. Law, The Case of Reason; R. Bentley, or " Phileleutherus Lipsiensis "; &c., &c.), three are of chief importance. Nathaniel Lardner (Arian, 1684 ...

... may be read to those who have heard what was said, should be sufficient. By the English Libel Act 1843, s. 2, it was enacted that in an action for libel contained in a newspaper it is a defence for the defendant to plead that the libel was inserted without act ...

... ee William Hone. The Everyday Book and Table Book (1831); and W. J. Cripps, Old English Plate (9th ed., 1906).

... buch thereto, edited by E. Hennecke (Tubingen, 1904). The fullest discussion in English of the teaching of Barnabas, Clement, Ignatius and Polycarp is by J. Donaldson, The Apostolical Fathers (1874), which, however, suffers from the imperfect state of the text ...

... ed that the act should in no way interfere with the rights or privileges of the English universities, or of the English College of Surgeons or the College of Physicians; and indeed a clause imposed severe penalties on any apothecaries who should refuse to comp ...

... M tiller' (15 m. long, zj m. wide, i m. draught), which can steam eight to ten English miles per hour, is provided with a steam dredge working to a depth of eighty fathoms. From the small steamer, ' Frank Balfour,' and the rowing boats, the fishing is done by ...

... ologiae, in four 8vo vols., as an appendix to his Patrologiae Cursus Comflrtus; English editions, I. Rickaby (London, 1872), J. M. Ashley (London, 1888). SeeAetaSanft., vii.'Martii; A. Touron, La ViedeSt Thomas d' A a*in. avec tin expose de sa doctrine et de s ...

... 9, it reverted to Eleanor, and on her death five years later, was united to the English crown and henceforward followed the fortunes of the English possessions in France. Aquitaine as it came to the English kings stretched as of old from the Loire to the Pyren ...

... vol.; and Tables analytiques el documents importants (with portrait), in I vol. English translations of the following portions of his works have appeared: — Treatise on Comets, by C. Gold, C.B. (London, 1833) ; also translated by Smyth and Grant (London, 1861) ...

ARAM, EUGENE (1704-1750), English scholar, but more famous as the murderer celebrated by Hood in his ballad, the Dream of Eugene Aram, and by Bulwcr Lytton in his romance of Eugene Aram, was born of humble parents at Ramsgill, Yorkshire, in 1704. He received l ...

... , plane-trees and elms, often of extraordinary size. The prevalence of the dark English elms, first introduced into the country and planted here by order of Philip II. (1527-1598), gives to the Aranjuez district a character wholly distinct from that of other S ...

... tract of country with trees, a practice which in these days is promoted by the English and Royal Scottish Arboricultural Societies.

... ated in 1197, being dedicated to St Thomas Becket, whom the king had met at the English court. It was William's only personal foundation, and he was buried within its precincts in 1214. Its style was mainly Early English, the western gable Norman. The crucifor ...

... ements Arbutknoticae Familiae Descriptio Historic a (still in MS.), of which an English continuation, by the father of Dr John Arbuthnot, is preserved in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. The praise of the fair sex in the first poem is exceptional in the lite ...

... d to decorate the lower part of the walls of the aisles and the choir-aisles in English churches. Externally, blind arcades are more often found in Italy and Sicily, but there are examples in ARCADELT— ARCADI US 34' England at Canterbury. Ely, Peterborough. No ...

ARCH, JOSEPH (1826- ), English politician, founder of the National Agricultural Labourers' Union, was born at Barford, a village in Warwickshire, on the loth of November 1826. His parents belonged to the labouring class. He inherited a strong sentiment of inde ...

... e Great, king of England. The modern town dates, however, from the visit of the English voyager, Richard Chancellor, in 1553. An English factory was erected on the lower Dvina soon after that date, and in 1584 a fort was built, around which the town grew up. A ...

... igning the convention at Westminster which acknowledged the overlordship of the English king. In March however they returned, outwardly at least, to their allegiance, and received pardons for their treason. Later Angus was one of the leaders in the rebellion a ...

... holic clergy were placed by the pope under an " archpriest " as superior of the English mission. In the Lutheran Church in Germany the title archpriest (Erzpriester) was in some cases long retained as the equivalent of that of superintendent, sometimes also st ...

... tach a large force of 10,000 men to recapture the city, and the pressure on the English garrison at Trichinopoly was removed. Arcot was afterwards captured by the French; but in 1760 was retaken by Colonel Coote after the battle of Wandiwash. It was also taken ...

... , who inserted a brief summary of the same in his Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, and also drew up a separate and longer digest which obtained great popularity throughout the middle ages as a standard guide-book (the so-called Libellus de locis s ...