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ETHER, (CjHs^O, the Aether of pharmacy, a colourless, volatile, highly inflammable liquid, of specific gravity o- 736 at o°, boiling-point 35° C., and freezing-point n7°'4 C. (K. Olszewski). It has a strong and characteristic odour, and a hot sweetish taste, i ...

ETHERS, in organic chemistry, compounds of the general formula R-O-R', where R, R' = alkyl or aryl groups. They may be regarded as the anhydrides of the alcohols, being formed by elimination of one molecule of water from two molecules of the alcohols; those in ...

ETHERIDGE, JOHN WESLEY (1804-1866), English nonconformist divine, was born near Newport, Isle of Wight, on the 24th of February 1804. He received most of his early education from his father. Though he never attended any university he acquired ultimately a thor ...

... so a fund of shrewd common sense, and one of his favourite considerations was whether a certain course was " business " or not. He retired from the bench at the close of 1897, and a viscounty was conferred upon him on his retirement, a dignity never given to a ...

TESTER (Fr. tetiere, head-covering, from t&te), anything placed horizontally over the head, as the sound-board of a pulpit, the flat boards over an old-fashioned bed, &c.

THAYER, ABBOTT HANDERSON (1849- ), American artist, was born at Boston, Massachusetts, on the i2th of August 1849. He was a pupil of J. L. Ger&me at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, and became a member of the Society of American Artists (1879), of the National

... owever, the appendages of the 2nd pair are either rudimentary or atrophied altogether. Two families: I. Nymphonidae (genus Nymphon), and 2. Pallenidae (genus Patient). Order 2. Ascorhynchomorpha, Pocock ( nov.).— Appendages of the 2nd and 3rd pairs retained an ...

... i8th of December 1826 at Soldatenthal, Lorraine. In 1847 they began to write together, and continued doing so till 1889. Chatrian died in 1890 at Villemomble near Paris, and Erckmann at Luneville in 1899. The list of their publications is a long one, ranging f ...

... to Europeans. In the interior, above 3300 ft., the temperature and rainfall, together with malaria, decrease. The plateau climate is healthy and invigorating. The mean annual temperature at Sao Salvador do Congo .-•5° F.; at Loanda, 74-3°; and at Caconda, 67-3 ...

... er finding its way into the bay. The islands off the coast of Angra Pequena, together with others north and south, were annexed to Great Britain in 1867 and added to Cape Colony in 1874. Seal Island and Penguin Island are in the bay, Ichaboe, Mercury, and Holl ...

... ) left three sons, John II., George III., and Joachim, who ruled their lands together for many yean, and who, like Prince Wolfgang, favoured the reformed doctrines, which thus became dominant in Anhalt. About 1546 the three brothers divided their principality ...

... eign prince and a Prussian officer. His first campaign was that of 1695 in the Netherlands, in which he was present at the siege of Namur. He remained in the field to the end of the war of 1697, the affairs of the principality being managed chiefly by his moth ...

... vironment. He demonstrated that when a monkey is kept deeply anaesthetized with ether and is placed in a cold chamber, its temperature gradually falls, and that when it has reached a sufficiently low point (about 25° C. in the monkey) , the employment of an an ...

... eligious ceremonies. (vi.) In secret societies we find bodies of men grouped together with a single tutelary animal ; the individual, in the same way, acquires the nagual or individual totem, sometimes by ceremonies of the nature of the bloodbond. (vii.) Spiri ...

... e magician or shaman is regarded as due to his visit to distant regions or the nether world, of which he brings back an account. Telepathy or clairvoyance (q.v.). with or withoul trance, must have operated powerfully to produce a conviction of the dual nature ...

... severely during the Thirty Years' and the Seven Years' Wars; and this fact, together with the repeated ravages of fire and of the plague, has made its history more eventful than is usually the case with towns of the same size. It does not possess any remarkab ...

... joint. When inflammation has caused the joint-ends of the bones to be fused together the ankylosis is termed osseous or complete. Excision of a completely ankylosed shoulder or elbow may restore free mobility and usefulness to the limb. " Ankylosis " is also ...

... of the ant-lion is quiescent. The larva makes a globular case of sand stuck together with fine silk spun, it is said, from a slender spinneret at the posterior end of the body. In this it remains until the completion of the transformation into the sexually ma ...

... istome to the basal disk. The lower part of the free edge of every mesentery, whether complete or incomplete, is thrown into numerous puckers or folds, and is furnished with a glandular thickening known as a mescnterial filament. The reproductive FIG. i. — Dia ...

... and boils at 351° C. It is insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol and ether, but readily soluble in hot benzene. It unites with picric acid to form a picrate, C,4H« C,H, (NO,),-OH, which crystallizes in needles, melting at 138° C. On exposure to sunl ...

... e constitutional disturbance, in the form of fever, delirium, perspirations, together with great prostration and a tendency to death from septicaemia, although on the other hand recovery is not uncommon. It was repeatedly found that the matter taken from the v ...

... small size of his jaws compared to the relatively great size of the cranium. Together with man and the baboons, the anthropoid apes form the group known to science as Catarhini, those, that is, possessing a narrow nasal septum, and are thus easily distinguisha ...

... an echo in Budapest. Two members of the diet, Victor Istoczy and Geza Onody, together with a publicist named Georg Marczianyi, busied themselves in making known the doctrine of Marr in Hungary. Marczianyi, who translated the German Judeophobc pamphlets into Ma ...

... was struck by the peculiarity and value of the new method, and set out for the Netherlands to acquire a knowledge of the process from Van Eyck's disciples. He spent some time there in the prosecution of his art; returned with his secret to Messina about 1465; ...

... inated by an Italian servant whom they had dismissed. It has never been known whether the murder was committed from private or political motives. See H. Vaschalde, Notice bibliographique sur Louis Alexandre de Launay, comte d'Antraigues, sa vie el ses ceuvres; ...

... . in 1603 he obtained a grant of the Route and the Glynns (Glens) districts, together with the island of Rathlin, and remained faithful to the government in spite of the unpopularity he thereby incurred among his kinsmen, who conspired to depose him. In 1607 h ...

... i5b ANU repel. The more interesting question connected with the left bank is whether it does not provide, as Napoleon thought, the most natural outlet for the expansion of Antwerp. Proposals to connect the two banks by a tunnel under the Scheldt have been mad ...

... ame in fact synonymous with the heavens, so that in some cases it is doubtful whether, under the term, the god or the heavens is meant. It would seem from this that the grouping of the divine powers recognized in the universe into a triad symbolizing the three ...

... , fibrous, concretionary, stalactitic, or earthy in form, which are included together under the name phosphorite (?.».), and it is these massive varieties, together with various rock-phosphates (phosphatic nodules, coprolites, guano, &c.) which are of such gre ...

... he substantive " apologetics " is recent. They are serviceable as bracketing together (i) Natural Theology or Theism, (2) Christian Evidences — chiefly " miracles " and " prophecy "; or, on a more modem view, chiefly the character and personality of Christ. Th ...

... ither subcutaneously or by the mouth (if there exist a power of swallowing), together with warm applications to the surface of the body; a water-bed may be required, and careful nursing is essential to prevent complications, especially the formation of bedsore ...

... ew, xxiii. 34, has " prophets and wise men and scribes "). But it is doubtful whether Jesus ever used the term for the Twelve, in relation to their temporary missions, any more than for the " seventy others " whom he " sent forth " later (Luke x. i). Even the ...

... e sense. Conventionally, then, the title denotes the group of writings which, whether in date or in internal character, are regarded as )elonging to the main stream of the Church's teaching during the period between the Apostles and the Apologists (i.e. to c. ...

... ostolic Constitutions have been after Epiphanius's time compiled and patched together out of the didascoliae or doctrines which went under the names of the holy apostles and their disciples or successors " (Vind. Ign. i. cap. 5); whilst a greater scholar still ...

... ral honours becomes a guardian spirit — if neglected, a tormenting demon. But whether the great gods of polytheism were really transfigured ancestors is very doubtful. (4) Again, there is a tendency to offer something like worship to the founders of religions. ...

... he animals are delivered, sorted and preserved, and the fishing tackle kept, together with the workshop of the engineer; on the first and second floors are workrooms, amongst others the botanical laboratory; on the third floor are store-rooms. In the basement ...

... ing his long generalate, abundantly justified the votes of the electors. He, together with Lainez, may be regarded as the real founder of the Society as it is known to history. A born ruler, he secured all authority in his own hands, and insisted that those wh ...

... lowing lines intertwined; hence comes the more metaphorical use of this word, whether in nature or in morals, indicating a fantastic or complicated interweaving of lines against a background. In decorative design the term is historically a misnomer. It is appl ...

... OSYSTYLE (Gr. dpotis, widely spaced, and ffiiffrvXos, with columns set close together) , an architectural term applied to a colonnade, in which the intercolumniation (q.v.) is alternately wide and narrow, as in the case of the western porch of St Paul's cathed ...

... ate friendship between Arago and Fresnel, and of a determination to carry on together further researches in this subject, which led to the enunciation of the fundamental laws of the polarization of light known by their names (see POLARIZATION). A* a result of ...