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ETTINGSHAUSEN. CONSTANTIN. BARON VON (1826-1897), Austrian geologist and botanist, was born in Vienna on the i6th of June 1826. He graduated as a doctor of medicine in Vienna, and became in 1854 professor of botany and natural history at the medical and surgic ...

... ly small, and then the rate at which it works is also indefinitely small. M. H. von Jacobi showed that for a given electromotive force in the battery the horse-power is greatest when the current is reduced to one-half of what it would be if the engine were at ...

... t. has been given: — Humboldt, ,.„ Lapparent,1 960 ft. ; Murray,4 939 ft.; ft.; von Tillo,* 1040 it.; Heiderich,7 1230 ft.; Penck,1 meat of iht highnecessary, the nearest multiple of 5 ft. has been given: — Humboldt, 675ft-: Leipoldt,»975ft.: De ' Sujpan,' 950 ...

ARNETH. ALFRED. RITTER VON (1810-1807), Austrian historian, born at Vienna on the loth of July 1819, was the son of Joseph Calasanza von Arneth (1791-1863), a well-known historian and archaeologist, who wrote a history of the Austrian empire (Vienna, 1827) and ...

AUERSPERG, ANTON ALEXANDER, GRAF VON (1806-1876), Austrian poet, who wrote under the pseudonym of ANASTASIUS GRUN,wasbornon the nth of April 1806, at Laibach, the capital of the Austrian duchy of Carniola, and was head of the Thurn-amHart branch of the Carniol ...

BARON (c. 1562-1639), son of Sir Mathew Arundell of Wardour Castle in Wiltshire, a member of the ancient family of Arundells of Lanhernc in Cornwall, and of Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Willoughby, was born about 1562. In 1579 he was personally recommended ...

ESCHENMAYER, ADAM KARL AUGUST VON (1768-1852), German philosopher and physicist, was born at Neuenburg in Wurttemberg in July 1768. After receiving his early education at the Caroline academy of Stuttgart, he entered the university of Tubingen, where he receiv ...

ESCHER VON DER LINTH. ARNOLD (1807-1872), Swiss geologist, the son of Hans Conrad Escher (1767-1823), was born at Zurich on the 8th of June 1807. In 1856 he became professor of geology at the Ecole Polytechnique at Zurich. His researches led him to be regarded ...

ESMARCH. JOHANNES FRIEDRICH AUGUST VON (18231008), German surgeon, was born at Tim n ing, in SchleswigHolstein, on the gth of January 1823. He studied at Kiel and Gbttingen, and in 1846 became B. R. K. von Langenbeck's assistant at the Kiel surgical hospital. ...

VARNHAGEN VON ENSE, KARL AUGUST (1785-1858), German biographer, was born at Dusseldorf on the 2ist of February 1785. He studied medicine at Berlin, but devoted more attention to philosophy and literature, which he afterwards studied more thoroughly at Halle an ...

... e Jews themselves, was signed by a long list of illustrious men, including Herr von Forckenbeck, Professors Mommsen, Gneist, Droysen, Virchow, and Dr Werner Siemens (Times, November 18, 1880). During the Reichstag elections of 1881 the agitation played an acti ...

... Cainozoic age. At Cushendun, however, a coarse conglomerate is believed to be Devonian, while Lower Carboniferous Sandstones, with several coal-seams, form a small productive basin at Ballycastle. The dolerite of Fair Head sends off sheets along the bedding-pl ...

... t the land, which already in Roman times had fallen into decay. An influx of Slavonic settlers in the 8th century A.D. checked the depopulation for a while, but Arcadia suffered severely from the constant quarrels of its Prankish barons (1205-1460). The succee ...

ARNIM, ELISABETH (BETTINA) VON (1785-1859), German authoress, sister of Klemens Brentano, was born at Frankforton-Main on the 4th of April 1785. After being educated at a convent school in Fritzlar, she lived for a while with her grandmother, the novelist, Sop ...

... metallic, and the streak greyish-black; hardness 3; sp. gr. 5-0. Bornite (after Baron Ignaz von Born, b. 1742, d. 1791) is a name in common use for this mineral, and it predates erubescite, the name given by J. D. Dana in 1850, but afterwards rejected by him; ...

... per-making and tanning, and in medicine as a febrifuge. For further details see Baron von M tiller's monograph of the genus, . Eucalyptographia (Melbourne, 1879-1884); J. H. Maiden, Useful Native Plants of Australia (1889).

... and of the army in Hungary, on the recommendation of the veteran count Riidiger von Starhemberg, the defender of Vienna in 1683. It was about this time that Louis XIV. secretly offered him the baton of a marshal of France, with the government of Champagne whic ...

... sor to the emperor's wishes, and made no public stand against the patriarchs of Constantinople. He, however, held no communication with them, being closely watched in this respect by Roman opinion. EUGENIUS II., pope, was a native of Rome, and was chosen to su ...

... death. The patriarchate of Antioch was offered him in 33 1, but declined ( Vita Constantini, iii. 59 sq.). Eusebius was a very important figure in the church of his day. He was not a great theologian nor a profound thinker, but he was the most learned man of h ...

... erable works. Among those on architecture may be mentioned the great work of H. von Geymuller and A. Widmann, Die Architektur der Renaissance in Toscana. (T. As.) History. — Etruria (q.v.) was finally annexed to Rome in 351 B.C., and constituted the seventh of ...

... plement to vol. ix. of the Bizanliyskiy Vremennik (St Petersburg, 1904). The Slavonic and Georgian MSS. have not been catalogued. Apart from the illuminated MSS., the mural paintings, the mosaics, and the goldsmith's work of Mount Athos are of infinite interes ...

... The dogmas of Islam are not copious, and the attributes of God are the chief 1 Von Kremer, Gesch. d. herrschenden Ideen d. Islams, p. 464 (Leipzig, 1868). subject taken up. They are demonstrated by scholastic dialectic, and at the end of his second year the s ...

SUTTNER, BERTHA, BARONESS VON (1843- ), Austrian writer, was born at Prague on the 9th of July 1843, the daughter of Count Franz Kinsky, Austrian field marshal, who died shortly after her birth. On her mother's side she was descended from the family of the Ger ...

... tain were Sir Henry Irving and Mr Beerbohm Tree, both actor-managers, Mr Hubert von Herkomer, R.A., Sir L. Alma-Tadema, R.A., and Mr Edwin O. Sachs, architect. Although almost last in the application of stage reform in its best sense, England really completed ...

... y the work is inferior in importance. Its author made use of Eusebius's Life of Constantine' and of the histories of Rufinus, Socrates and Sozomen, and probably of Philostorgius as well. He also used other sources, and made a thorough study of the writings of ...

... 826), Greek theological writer, abbot of the monastery of Studium, was born at .Constantinople. In 794 he succeeded his uncle Plato, who had persuaded him to become a monk some ten years before, as head of the monastery of Saccudium in Bithynia. Soon afterward ...

... d necessary by the occasional hostility of the Tatar khans. When the Turks took Constantinople the colony was almost cut off from the mother city, which handed it over to the enterprising bank of St George; but it could not be saved and fell in 1475 to the Tur ...

... and there he was received into the house of the Orientalist Heinrich Friedrich von Diez (1750-1817). He was introduced to pietistic circles in Berlin, and came specially under the influence of Baron Hans Ernst von Kottwitz (1757-1843), who became his " spirit ...

... e Napoleonic wars, but afterwards returned to his native land, and of his wife, Baroness Van Steengracht-Capellan. Her father died when she was five years old, leaving her the richest heiress in the Netherlands. After travelling in Norway, Italy and the East, ...

... English and the Scandinavian languages, and also Russian, Servian and other Slavonic tongues. At the age of twenty he had obtained sufficient knowledge of Turkish to lead him to go to Constantinople, where he set up as teacher of European languages, and short ...

... they were like from Petrarch's description of his house on the Riva degli Schiavoni, with its two flanking towers, probably retaining the primitive form, and also from the representations of protecting towers which occur in Carpaccio's pictures. The canals to ...

... ied in 1636, and in 1644 he married Francoisc de Narbonne, daughter of Charles, baron of Mareuil. She bad no children and survived her husband until 1713. Angoule'me himself died on the 24th of September 1650. By his first wife he had three children: Henri, wh ...

... hrer Fursten unter dent Drucke des 30 jahrigen Krieges (Leipzig, 1861-1866); O. von Heinemann, Codex diplomatic** Anhaltinus (Dessau, 1867-1883); Siebigk, Das Herzogthum Anhalt historisch, geographisch und statistisch dargestellt (Dessau, 1867).

... ears of peace,and especially after a court quarrel (1725) and duel with General von Grumbkow, he devoted himself to the training of the Prussian army. The reputation it had gained in the wars of 1675 to 1713, though good, gave no hint of its coming glory, and ...

... that on reducing nitrobenzene, a base was formed which he named bcnzidam. A. W. von Hofmann investigated these variously prepared substances, and proved them to be identical, and thenceforth they took their place as one body, under the name aniline or phenylam ...

... rpent; a snake was kept and fed with milk in the temple of Potrimpos, an old Slavonic god. To this day there are numerous traces in popular belief, especially in Germany, of respect for the snake, which seems to be a survival of ancestor worship, such as still ...

... r-spar are loosely applied. It was first recognized as a distinct species by W. von Haidinger in 1825, and named by him after M. J. Anker of Styria. (L. J. S.)

... tinian (A.O. 532), the original and daring plans for the church of St Sophia in Constantinople, which strikingly displayed at once his knowledge and his ignorance. He was one of five brothers — the sons of Stephanos, a physician of Tralles — who were all more ...

... o propitiate the dead who had perished in the flood of Deucalion. See F. Hiller von Gartringen in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencydopddie fs.v.) ; J. Girard in Daremberg and Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquites s.v. "Dionysia"); and F. A. Voigt in Roscher's Lexikon der ...

... ii aem bibliotheca patristica (1880, vi. pp. 555 et sqq.) ; see art. " Antonius von Padua " in Herzog-Hauck, Reafencyklopadie.