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... er American reference material against later encyclopedias while the OCR ingestion path is built.

... an Cyclopaedia United States article. It is included to test historical comparison against later Americana and Britannica records.

MVP seed record for Americana 1920 astronomy coverage. The production article parser will preserve sections and page references for long scientific entries.

... 0 electricity article. It represents the target article shape: clean text, edition metadata, article-level provenance, and links back to the original text and scan sources.

... d for the Americana 1920 United States article. This article will eventually be one of the best comparison tests because an American encyclopedia has different emphasis than British sources.

SUNBURY-ON-THAMES, an urban district in the Uxbridge parliamentary division of Middlesex, England, 17 m. S.W. of St Paul's Cathedral, London, on a branch of the London & South Western railway. Pop. (1901), 4544. It is a favourite riverside resort and has grown ...

THAMES, the chief river of England, rising in several small streams among the Cotteswold Hills in Gloucestershire. Its source is generally held to be at a place known as Thames Head, in the parish of Coates, 3 m. W. by S. of Cirencester; but claims have also b ...

SUNBURY, a borough and the county seat of Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on the Susquehanna river about 53 m. by rail N. by E. of Harrisburg. Pop. (1900), 9810, of whom 197 were foreign-born; (1910 U.S. census) 13,770. It is served by the Pennsyl ...

AUCKLAND. GEORGE EDEN, KABL OF (1784-1849), English statesman, was the second son of the ist Baron Auckland. He completed his education at Oxford, and was admitted to the bar in 1809. His elder brother was drowned in the Thames in the following year ; and in 1 ...

... om the earliest times engineers have been employed both in the field of war and on field defences. In modern times, however, the application of numerous scientific and engineering devices to warfare has resulted in the creation of many minor branches of milita ...

... BRETT, IST VISCOUNT (18171899), English lawyer and master of the rolls, was a son of the Rev. Joseph G. Brett, of Chelsea, and was born on the i3th of August 1817. He was educated at Westminster and at Caius College, Cambridge. Called to the bar in 1840, he w ...

ETCHING (Dutch, etsen, to eat), a form of engraving (q.v.) in which, in contradistinction to line engraving (q.v.), where the furrow is produced by the ploughing of the burin, the copper is eaten away or corroded by acid. To prepare a plate for etching it is f ...

... t (mankind), i.e. his development through the family and tribal stages into national life, and with the distribution over the earth of the races and nations thus formed. Though the etymology of the words permits in theory of this line of division between ethno ...

ETON, a town of Buckinghamshire, England, on the north left) bank of the river Thames, opposite Windsor, within which parliamentary borough it is situated. Pop. of urban district (1901) 3301. It is famous for its college, the largest of the ancient Engtish pub ...

SUN-BITTERN, the Eurypyga helias of ornithology, a bird that has long exercised systematists; and one whose proper place can scarcely yet be said to have been determined to everybody's satisfaction. According to Pallas, who in 1781 gave (N. nordl. Beytrage,\o\ ...

... field, Ohio, between 1768 and 1780. While still a youth he took part in attacks on settlers passing down the Ohio and in widely extended hunting expeditions or predatory forays to the west and south; and he served in the Indian wars preceding the Treaty of Gre ...

TEDDINGTON, an urban district in the Uxbridge parliamentary division of Middlesex, England, close to the Thames, 13 m. W.S.W. of St Paul's Cathedral, London, on the London and South-Western railway. Pop. (1901) 14,037. The district is residential and the town ...

... , far, and ypafaiv, to write), the name given to an apparatus for the transmission of intelligence to a distance. Etymologically the word implies that the messages are written, but its earliest use was of appliances that depended on visual signals, such as the ...

TRINITY HOUSE, CORPORATION OF, an association of English mariners which originally had its headquarters at Deptford in Kent. In its first charter, received from Henry VIII. in 1514, it was described as the "guild or fraternity of the most glorious and undivida ...

... the great federal republic which had its origin in the revolt of the British colonies in North America, when, in the Declaration of Independence, they described themselves as " The Thirteen United States of America." Officially the name is " The United States ...

... colour painter, a younger brother of John Varley (<?.».), was born at Hackney, London, on the aist of November 1781. He was educated by his uncle, a philosophical instrument maker, and under him acquired a knowledge of the natural sciences; but about 1800 he j ...

VAUXHALL, a district on the south bank of the river Thames, in London, England, included in the metropolitan borough of Lambeth. The manor was held by Falkes de Breaute (whence the name, Falkes Hall) in the time of John and Henry III. About 1661 public gardens ...

... d " trilobite stage " of Limulus polypkemus. A, Dorsal; B, ventral view. (From KoncMt and Heider. after Leuckart.) Peripatus, Diplopoda, Hexapoda and Chilopoda. Probably tracheae have developed independently by the same process in several groups of tracheate A ...

ABAKAN, a division of Lower Burma. It consists of a strip of country running along the eastern seaboard of the Bay of Bengal, from the Naaf estuary, on the borders of Chittagong. to Cape Negrais. Length from northern extremity to Cape Negrais, about 400 m.; gr ...

... ents a difficult problem. The chief difficulty in deciding their ethnical relations is their remarkable physical difference from the neighbouring peoples. And if one turns from physical criteria to their manners and customs it is only to find fresh evidence of ...

AESAPHES, in Egyptian Hartkafe, " he who is upon his lake," the ram-headed god of Heracleopolis Magna, gained an ephemeral importance during the IXth Dynasty, which arose from his town. Outwardly, be resembles Khnum. Little is known about him, and he is seldom ...

AL R, Anterior lateral rod or tendon. Natural size. (From Lankester, Q. J. Hie. Set.. N5. ml. niv.. 1884.) Limulus an Arachnid. — Modern views as to the classification and affinities of the Arachnida have been determined by the demonstration that Limulus and t ...

... ll Souls' College, Oxford. Professor of English History in the University I of London. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-1901."] Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Life of Thomas Cranmer;&c. Estlenne. - Equation. Euseb ...

ALEXANDRE CHATRIAN (1826-1890) on the i8th of December 1826 at Soldatenthal, Lorraine. In 1847 they began to write together, and continued doing so till 1889. Chatrian died in 1890 at Villemomble near Paris, and Erckmann at Luneville in 1899. The list of their ...

ANGLO-SAXONS. The term " Anglo-Saxon " is commonly applied to that period of English history, language and literature which preceded the Norman Conquest. It goes back to the time of King Alfred, who seems to have frequently used the title rex Anglorum Saxonum ...

ANGOLA, the general name of the Portuguese possessions on the west coast of Africa south of the equator. With the exception of the enclave of Kabinda (q.v.) the province lies wholly south of the river Congo. Bounded on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean, it extends ...

ANGOULBMB, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUKE OF (1573-1650), the natural son of Charles IX. of France and Marie Touchet, was born on the 28th of April 1573,31 the castle of Fayet in Dauphine. His father, dying in the following year, commended him to the care and favour ...

... western France, capital of the department of Charente, 83 m. N.N.E. of Bordeaux on the railway between Bordeaux and Poitiers. Pop. (1006) 30,040. The town proper occupies an elevated promontory, washed on the north by the Charente and on the south and west by ...

ANGOUMOIS, an old province of France, nearly corresponding to-day to the department of Charente. Its capital was Angouleme. See Essai d'une bibliothtque historique de fAngoumois, by E. Castaigne (1845).

... islands of Terceira, St George and Graciosa. Pop. (1000) 10,788. Angra is built on the south coast of Terceira in 38° 38' N. and in 27° 13' W. It is the headquarters of a military command, and the residence of a Roman Catholic bishop; its principal buildings a ...

... holomew Diaz in 1487. F. A. E. Liideritz, of Bremen, established a trading station here in 1883, and his agent concluded treaties with the neighbouring chiefs, who ceded large tracts of country to the newcomers. On the 24th of April 1884 Liideritz transferred ...

MVP seed record for New Gresham astronomy coverage. This gives the interface another clean-text source candidate for comparing the same topic.

... w Gresham Encyclopedia. Project Gutenberg text makes this a useful early source once the clean-text parser exists.

MVP seed record for The New International Encyclopaedia. This entry is flagged as an OCR-backed source candidate because the production parser will need article boundary detection and cleanup before text is trusted.

MVP seed record for New International telegraph coverage. OCR sources are included early so validation can track messy records separately from clean text.