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THOMA, HANS (1839- ), German painter, was born at Bernau in the Black Forest. Having started life as a painter of clock-faces, he entered in 1859 the Carlsruhe academy, where he studied under Schirmer and Des Coudres. He subsequently studied and worked, with b ...

THOMASON, GEORGE (d. 1666), English book and tract collector, was a London bookseller, whose life contains few items of interest save the fact that he was concerned in a royalist plot in 1651. He is famous, however, as the man who brought together the great co ...

THOMAS OF CELANO, Franciscan friar and disciple and biographer of St Francis of Assisi. Born at Celano in the Abruzzi, he joined St Francis probably about 1214, and he appears to have been one of the first band of friars who went into Germany. He was commissio ...

THOMAS OF MARGA, a Nestorian bishop and author of an important monastic history in Syriac, who flourished in the 9th century A.D. He was bom early in the century, probably of Persian parents, in the region of Salakh to the north-east of Mosul. As a young man h ...

THOMASIUS, CHRISTIAN (1655-1728), German jurist and publicist, was born ac Leipzig on the ist of January 1655, and was educated by his father, Jakob Thomasius (1622-1684), at that time head master of the Thomasschule. Through his father's lectures Christian ca ...

TOMPA. MIHALY [MICHAEL] (1817-1868), Hungarian lyric poet, was born in 1817 at Rima-Szombat,in the county of Gomor, his father being village bootmaker. He studied law and theology in Saros-Patak, and subsequently at Budapest; and, after many vicissitudes, at t

TACOMA, a city and sub-port of entry, and the county-seat of Pierce county, Washington, U.S.A., on Commencement Bay of Puget Sound, at the mouth of Puyallup river, about 80 m. from the Pacific coast, and about 23 m. S.S.W. of Seattle. Pop. (1890) 36,006; (1900

THORAX (Gr. Owpa.%, breastplate, also the part of the body covered by it), the anatomical term for the chest, that part of the body which contains the heart and lungs (see ANATOMY: Superficial and Artistic, and SKELETON: Axial). For the surgery of the thorax r

TOMATO, Lycopersicum esculentum (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae), a tender annual, native of South America, probably Peru. The fruit is much esteemed in salads and as a vegetable. Efforts have been made to popularize it for dessert, with varying success. Plants intended

... Biography, 1893-1901."] Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Life of Thomas Cranmer;&c. Estlenne. - Equation. Euseblus: of Caesarea. Eschatology. Espartero. Elasticity. Enamel. Embroidery (in part). Elizabeth, Queen; Eiuser; Englefleld; English Hist ...

... GULATE— ANGUS exports, the market for these bring the neighbouring island of St Thomas.

... n ended with Margaret Stewart, countess of Angus in her own right, and widow of Thomas, i.uh earl of Mar. By an irregular connexion with William, ist earl of Douglas, who had married Mar's sister, she became the mother of George Douglas, ist earl of Angus (c. ...

... i., 1900; G. Weiss, Comptes Rendus, Sac. de Biol., Hi., 1900; Swale Vincent and Thomas Lewis, " Heat Rigor of Muscle," Journal of Physiology, 1901 ; Sutherland Simpson and Percy Herring, " Cold and Reflex Action," Journal of Physiology, 1905; Sutherland Simpso ...

... ll references to these and other cults, that of the serpent excepted, see N. W. Thomas in Hastings' Dictionary of Religions; Frazer, Golden Bough; Campbell's Spirit Basis of Belief and Custom; Maclennan's Studies (series 2) ; V. Gennep, Tabou et totemisme d Ma ...

... ant industry. Cotton-spinning by jennies was first introduced by Robert Joy and Thomas M'Cabe of Belfast in 1777; and an estimate made twenty-three years later showed upwards of 27,000 hands employed in this industry- within 10 m. of Belfast, which remains the ...

... (1882-1891); Aphorismical Discovery (Irish Archaeological Society, 1879-1880); Thomason Tracts (Brit. Mus.), E 59 (18), 149 (12), !38 (7), 153 (19), 61 (23); Murder will out, or the King's Letter justifying the Marquess of Antrim (1689); Hist. MSS. Comm. Seri ...

... ranted. However, Rom. i. 20 has had great influence on Christian theology (e.g. Thomas Aquinas) in leading it to base theism upon reason or argument. One apologetic contention, aimed at Gentile readers, is found among the motives of Acts. Christianity is not a ...

... attoniti and siderati, as if they were thunder-stricken or planet-struck " (Sir Thomas Watson). The attack, however, may be less sudden and, not infrequently, attended by a convulsion; while occasionally, in the condition termed ingravescent apoplexy, the coma ...

... the Edessene legend of Abgar, in Eus. i. 12, we read that " Judas, who is also Thomas, sent Thaddaeus as apostle — one of the Seventy," where simply an authoritative envoy of Jesus seems intended. For traces of the wider sense of " apostle " in Gnostic, Marci ...

... Hennas, Ignatius and Polycarp. But the name itself is due to their next editor, Thomas Ittig (1643-1710), in his Bibliotheca Patrum Apostolicorum (1699), who, however, included under this title only Clement, Ignatius and Polycarp. Here already appears the doub ...

AQUINAS, THOMAS [THOMAS OF AQUIN or AQUINO], (c 12271274), scholastic philosopher, known as Doctor Angelicas, Doctor Uniiiersalis, was of noble descent, and nearly allied to several of th? royal houses of Europe. He was born in 1225 or 1227, at Roccasecca, the ...

... ouched for by Cicero and Strabo.' A colony was planted hereby the Triumviri. St Thomas Aquinas was born in the castle of Roccasecca, 5 m. N. See E. Gross!, Aquinum (Rome, 1907). (T. As.)

... f A. J. Frcsnel, with whose history, as well as with that of E. L. Malus and of Thomas Young, this part of his life is closely interwoven. Shortly after the beginning of the ioth century the labours of these three philosophers were shaping the modern doctrine ...

... onesian Benedictines from Kclso, and consecrated in 1197, being dedicated to St Thomas Becket, whom the king had met at the English court. It was William's only personal foundation, and he was buried within its precincts in 1214. Its style was mainly Early Eng ...

... this new allegation, Arkwright's opponents brought forward, for the first time, Thomas Highs, or Hayes, a reed-maker at Bolton, who stated that he had invented a machine for spinning by rollers previously to 1768, and that he had employed the watchmaker Kay to ...

... a mystical and devotional kind, and were inspired by St Bernard, J. Tauler and Thomas a Kempis. His principal work, Wahres Chrislentum (1606-1609), which has been translated into most European languages, has served as the foundation of many books of devotion, ...

ARNE, THOMAS AUGUSTINE (1710-1778), English musical composer, was born in London on the izth of March 1710, his father being an upholsterer. Intended for the legal profession, he was educated at Eton, and afterwards apprenticed to an attorney for three years. ...

... therefore Nature is an artist or Demiurgus. A kindred view is set forth by Sir Thomas Browne in the Religio Medici, when he declares that " all things are artificial; for Nature is the Art of God." But these modes of thought, according to which, on the one ha ...

ARUNDELL OF WARDOUR, THOMAS ARUNDELL, IST BARON (c. 1562-1639), son of Sir Mathew Arundell of Wardour Castle in Wiltshire, a member of the ancient family of Arundells of Lanhernc in Cornwall, and of Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Willoughby, was born about 15 ...

... in charge of the work in America, and although superseded by an older preacher, Thomas Rankin (1738-1810), in 1773, he remained practically in control. After the outbreak of the War of Independence, the Methodists, who then numbered several thousands, fell, un ...

... ew (d. 1540) of South Kelsey, Lincoln, by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Wrottesley. Her elder sister, Martha, was betrothed by her parents to Thomas Kyme, a Lincolnshire justice of the peace, but she died before marriage, and Anne was induced or ...

... edition of Chaucer); J. J. Stuffier, Elucidatio Fabrice ususque AstroUMi, &c. ; Thomas Blundeville, His Exercises (1594); F. Ritter. Astrolabium; W. H. Morlev, Description of Astrolabe of Shah Husain; M. L. Muggins, " The Astrolabe " (Astrophysical Journal, 18 ...

... s so because he has visions of a reformed astrology and a reformed alchemy. Sir Thomas Browne, too, while he denies the capacity of the astrologers of his day, does not venture to dispute the reality of the science. The idea of the souls of men passing at deat ...

... pher Scheiner at Ingolstadt, by Johann Fabricius at Osteel in Friesland, and by Thomas Harriot at Syon House, Isleworth. Galileo was nevertheless by far the ablest and most versatile of these early telescopic observers. His gifts of exposition were on a par wi ...

... llym, who assumed that name. In 1797 his eldest daughter and co-heiress married Thomas Powys, afterwards the second Lord Lilford. Up to 1891 the lord of the manor held a court-leet and court-baron annually in November, but in that year Lord Lilford sold to the ...

... lume on AtUetics in the Badminton series the reader is referred, notes that Sir Thomas Elyot, who wrote at about the same period, deprecated too much study and flogging for schoolboys, saying: " A discrete master may with as much or more ease both to himself a ...

... egan their movement on the i6th of July; the Army of the Cumberland (Gen. G. H. Thomas) on the right marching from Marietta by the fords of the Upper Chattahoochee on Atlanta, the Army of the Ohio (Gen. J. M. Schofield) in the centre direct on Decatur, and the ...

ATMOLYSIS (Gr. dr/ufo, vapour; \veiv, to loosen), a term invented by Thomas Graham to denote the separation of a mixture of gases by taking advantage of their different rates of diffusion through a porous septum or diaph'ragm (see DIFFUSION) .

... ducated at the Malmcsbury grammar school under Robert Latimer. who had numbered Thomas Hobbcs among his earlier pupils, and at his schoolmaster's house Aubrey first met the philosopher about whom he was to leave so many curious and interesting details. He ente ...

... Beltz, Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (London, 1841). AUDLEY, THOMAS AUDLEY, BARON (c. 1488-1544), lord chancellor of England, whose parentage is unknown, is believed to have studied at Buckingham College, Cambridge. He was educated for the l ...