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MVP seed record for The American Cyclopaedia. This record lets the search UI compare older American reference material against later encyclopedias while the OCR ingestion path is built.

MVP seed record for the American Cyclopaedia United States article. It is included to test historical comparison against later Americana and Britannica records.

MVP seed record for Americana 1920 astronomy coverage. The production article parser will preserve sections and page references for long scientific entries.

MVP seed record for the Americana 1920 electricity article. It represents the target article shape: clean text, edition metadata, article-level provenance, and links back to the original text and scan sources.

MVP seed record for the Americana 1920 telegraph article. The record is meant to exercise topic grouping, source filters, and scan provenance links.

MVP seed record for the Americana 1920 United States article. This article will eventually be one of the best comparison tests because an American encyclopedia has different emphasis than British sources.

TURBET I HAIDARI, a district of the province of Khorasan in Persia, bounded N. by Meshed, E. by Bakharz, S. by Khaf and W. by Turshiz. It has a population of about 30,000, composed chiefly of members of the Turki Karai tribe and Beluchis. The Karais were settl ...

ANHALT-DESSAU, LEOPOLD I., PRINCE OF (1676-1747), called the "Old Dessauer" (Alter Dessauer), general field marshal in the Prussian army, was the only surviving son of John George II. , prince of Anhalt-Dessau, and was born on the 3rd of July 1676 at Dessau. F ...

ANTHEM I US, Greek mathematician and architect, who produced, under the patronage of Justinian (A.O. 532), the original and daring plans for the church of St Sophia in Constantinople, which strikingly displayed at once his knowledge and his ignorance. He was o ...

FlG. TL—Carypui litorclii, one of the Pseudoscorpiones. Lateral view. I to VI, Basal segments of the a, 3, 10, The second, third and six prosomatic appendages. tenth somites of the opistho», Eye*. soma. prat- ten. Tergite of the prae- n, The minute eleventh so ...

SULEIMAN I.1 the "Magnificent" (1494-1566), sultan of Turkey, succeeded his father Selim I. in 1520. His birth coincided with the opening year of the loth century of Mussulman chronology (A.H. 900), the most glorious period in the history of Islam. Eventful as ...

SWEYN I., KING or DENMARK ( -1014), son of Harold Bluetooth, the christianizer of Denmark, by his peasant mistress Aesa, according to the Jomsvikinga Saga, though more probably his mother was Queen Gunild, Harold's consort. The lad was a born champion and bucc ...

THEODORE I. (1557-1598), tsar of Russia, the son of Ivan the Terrible and Anastasia Romanova, nominally succeeded his father in 1584, but being of weak intellect was governed throughout his reign by the boyar, Boris Godunov, whose sister Irene he married in 15 ...

THEODOSIUS I., " the Great," son of Theodosius, Valentinian's great general, who in 368-69 drove back the Picts and Scots from the Roman territories in Britain and suppressed the revolt of Firmus in Mauretania (372). Shortly after (376), the elder Theodosius w ...

TIGLATH-PILESER I., the son of Assur-ris-isi, ascended the throne c. 1120 B.C., and was one of the greatest of Assyrian conquerors. His first campaign was against the Moschi who had occupied certain Assyrian districts on the Upper Euphrates; then he overran Co ...

FIG. 42. — So-called " trilobite stage " of Limulus polypkemus. A, Dorsal; B, ventral view. (From KoncMt and Heider. after Leuckart.) Peripatus, Diplopoda, Hexapoda and Chilopoda. Probably tracheae have developed independently by the same process in several gr ...

ABAKAN, a division of Lower Burma. It consists of a strip of country running along the eastern seaboard of the Bay of Bengal, from the Naaf estuary, on the borders of Chittagong. to Cape Negrais. Length from northern extremity to Cape Negrais, about 400 m.; gr ...

The origin of the natives of Australia presents a difficult problem. The chief difficulty in deciding their ethnical relations is their remarkable physical difference from the neighbouring peoples. And if one turns from physical criteria to their manners and c ...

AESAPHES, in Egyptian Hartkafe, " he who is upon his lake," the ram-headed god of Heracleopolis Magna, gained an ephemeral importance during the IXth Dynasty, which arose from his town. Outwardly, be resembles Khnum. Little is known about him, and he is seldom ...

AL R, Anterior lateral rod or tendon. Natural size. (From Lankester, Q. J. Hie. Set.. N5. ml. niv.. 1884.) Limulus an Arachnid. — Modern views as to the classification and affinities of the Arachnida have been determined by the demonstration that Limulus and t ...

ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HisT.Soc. f Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford. Professor of English History in the University I of London. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-1901."] Author of England under the Protector Somer ...

ALEXANDRE CHATRIAN (1826-1890) on the i8th of December 1826 at Soldatenthal, Lorraine. In 1847 they began to write together, and continued doing so till 1889. Chatrian died in 1890 at Villemomble near Paris, and Erckmann at Luneville in 1899. The list of their ...

ANGLO-SAXONS. The term " Anglo-Saxon " is commonly applied to that period of English history, language and literature which preceded the Norman Conquest. It goes back to the time of King Alfred, who seems to have frequently used the title rex Anglorum Saxonum ...

ANGOLA, the general name of the Portuguese possessions on the west coast of Africa south of the equator. With the exception of the enclave of Kabinda (q.v.) the province lies wholly south of the river Congo. Bounded on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean, it extends ...

ANGOULBMB, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUKE OF (1573-1650), the natural son of Charles IX. of France and Marie Touchet, was born on the 28th of April 1573,31 the castle of Fayet in Dauphine. His father, dying in the following year, commended him to the care and favour ...

ANGOULEME. a city of south-western France, capital of the department of Charente, 83 m. N.N.E. of Bordeaux on the railway between Bordeaux and Poitiers. Pop. (1006) 30,040. The town proper occupies an elevated promontory, washed on the north by the Charente an ...

ANGOUMOIS, an old province of France, nearly corresponding to-day to the department of Charente. Its capital was Angouleme. See Essai d'une bibliothtque historique de fAngoumois, by E. Castaigne (1845).

ANGRA, or ANGRA DO HEROISMO (" Bay of Heroism," a name given it in 1829, to commemorate its successful defence against the Miguelist party), the former capital of the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, and chief town of an administrative district, comprisin ...

ANGRA PEQUENA, a bay in German South-West Africa, in 26° 38' S., 15° E., discovered by Bartholomew Diaz in 1487. F. A. E. Liideritz, of Bremen, established a trading station here in 1883, and his agent concluded treaties with the neighbouring chiefs, who ceded ...

ANGSTROM, ANDERS JONAS (1814-1874), Swedish physicist, was born on the i3th of August 1814 at Logdo, Medelpad, Sweden. He was educated at Upsala University, where in 1839 he became privat docent in physics. In 1842 he went to Stockholm Observatory in order to ...

ANGUIER, FRANCOIS (c. 1604-1669), and MICHEL (16121686), French sculptors, were two brothers, natives of Eu in Normandy. Their apprenticeship was served in the studio of Simon Guillain. The chief works of Francois are the monument to Cardinal de Berulle, found ...

ANGUILLA, or SNAKE, a small island in the British Indies, part of the presidency of St Kitts-Nevis, in the colony of the Leeward Islands. Pop. (1901) 3890, mostly negroes. It is situated in 18° 12' N. and 63° 5' W., about 60 m. N.W. of St Kitts, is 1 6 m. long ...

ANGULATE (Lat. antulus, an angle), shaped with comers or angles; an adjective used in botany and zoology for the shape of stems, leaves and wings.

ANGUS, EARLS OP. Angus was one of the seven original earldoms of the Pictish kingdom of Scotland, said to have been occupied by seven brothers of whom Angus was the eldest. The Critic line ended with Matilda (fl. 1240), countess of Angus in her own right, who ...

ANHALT, a duchy of Germany, and a constituent state of the German empire, formed, in 1863, by the amalgamation of the two duchies Anhalt-Dessau-Cothen and Anhalt-Bernburg, and comprising all the various Anhalt territories which were sundered apart in 1603. The ...

ANHYDRITE, a mineral, differing chemically from the more commonly occurring gypsum in containing no water of cryitallization, being anhydrous calcium sulphate, CaSO,. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and has three directions of perfect cleavage para ...

MVP seed record for New Gresham astronomy coverage. This gives the interface another clean-text source candidate for comparing the same topic.

MVP seed record for The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Project Gutenberg text makes this a useful early source once the clean-text parser exists.

MVP seed record for The New International Encyclopaedia. This entry is flagged as an OCR-backed source candidate because the production parser will need article boundary detection and cleanup before text is trusted.

MVP seed record for New International telegraph coverage. OCR sources are included early so validation can track messy records separately from clean text.