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TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS, a group in the British West Indies. They belong geographically to the Bahamas and lie between 21° and 22° N. and 71° and 72° 37' W. They are of coral and sand formation, their combined area being 169 sq. m. The Turks Islands, taking t ...

ARAN ISLANDS, or SOUTH ARAN, three islands lying across Galway Bay, on the west coast of Ireland, in a south-easterly direction, forming a kind of natural breakwater. They belong to the county Galway, and their population in 1901 was 2863. They are called resp ...

ARU ISLANDS (Dutch Aroe), a group in the residency of Amboyna, Dutch East Indies; between 5° 18' and 7° 5' S., and 134° and 135° E.; the member nearest to the south-west coast of New Guinea lying about 70 m. from it. The larger islands (Wokan, Kobrur, Maikor a ...

AUCKLAND ISLANDS, a group in the Pacific Ocean, discovered in 1806 by Captain Briscoe, of the English whaler " Ocean," in 50° 24' S., 166° 7' E. The islands, of volcanic origin, are very fertile, and are covered with forest. They were granted to the Messrs End ...

ETHNOLOGY and ETHNOGRAPHY (from the Gr. Wvos, race, and XOTOJ, science, or ypa.ijxu', to write), sciences which in their narrowest sense deal respectively with man as a racial unit (mankind), i.e. his development through the family and tribal stages into natio ...

SULA ISLANDS (Sulla, Xuila; Dutch Soela), a chain of islands forming a prolongation of the eastern peninsula of Celebes and the Banggai Islands, Dutch East Indies. The three main islands are long and narrow (Taliabu, 68 m. long, Mangoli or Mangala, 63 m. and B ...

SUNDA ISLANDS, the collective name of the islands in the Malay Archipelago which extend from the Malay Peninsula to the Moluccas. They are divided into the Great Sunda Islands — i.e. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Banka and Billiton, with their adjacent islan ...

... (pronounced Ewia in the modern language), EURIPOS, or NEGROPONT, the largest island of the Grecian archipelago. It is separated from the mainland of Greece by the Euboic Sea. In general outline it is long and narrow; it is about oo m. long, and varies in bread ...

EUROPE, the smallest of those principal divisions of the land-surface of the globe which are usually distinguished by the conventional name of continents. i. GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS It has justly become a commonplace of geography to describe Europe as a mere ...

TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tr/Xe, far, and ypafaiv, to write), the name given to an apparatus for the transmission of intelligence to a distance. Etymologically the word implies that the messages are written, but its earliest use was of appliances that depended on visual ...

THASOS, an island in the north of the Aegean Sea, off the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Nestus (now the KaraSu). The island was colonized at an early date by Phoenicians, attracted probably by its gold mines; they founded a temple of Heracles, whi ...

VENICE (Venezia), a city and seaport of Italy, occupying one of the most remarkable sites in the world. At the head of the Adriatic, between the mountains and the sea, lies that part of the Lombard plain known as the Veneto. The whole of this plain has been fo ...

ARGYLL. EARLS AND DUKES OF. The rise of this family of Scottish peers, originally the Campbells of Lochow, and first ennobled as Barons Campbell, is referred to in the article ARGYLLSHIRE. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, sth earl of Argyll (1530-' 573). was the elder son ...

ART AND PART, a term used in Scots law to denote the aiding or abetting in the perpetration of a crime, — the being an accessory before or at the perpetration of the crime. There is no such offence recognized in Scotland as that of being an accessory after the ...

ATHOLL, EARLS AND DUKES OF. The Stewart line of the Scottish earls of Atholl, which ended with the $th Stewart earl in 1595, the earldom reverting to the crown, had originated with Sir John Stewart of Balveny (d. 1512), who was created earl of Atholl about 145 ...

EPITHELIAL, ENDOTHELIAL and GLANDULAR TISSUES, in anatomy. Every surface of the body which may come into ^^^ contact with foreign substances is covered with a ium'. ' protecting layer of cells closely bound to one another to form continuous sheets. These are e ...

THAR AND PARKAR, or THUR AND PARKER, a district of British India in the Sind province of Bombay. Area, 13,941 sq. m. The district is divided into two portions. The western part, called the " Pat," is watered by the Eastern Nara and the Mithrau canals, which co ...

... rs away to a narrow strip not more than 15 m. across. The coast is studded with islands, the most important of which are Cheduba, Ramrcc and Shahpura. The division has its headquarters at Akyab and consists of four districts — namely, Akyab, Northern Arakan Hi ...

... guelist party), the former capital of the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, and chief town of an administrative district, comprising the islands of Terceira, St George and Graciosa. Pop. (1000) 10,788. Angra is built on the south coast of Terceira in 38° 3 ...

... 487. F. A. E. Liideritz, of Bremen, established a trading station here in 1883, and his agent concluded treaties with the neighbouring chiefs, who ceded large tracts of country to the newcomers. On the 24th of April 1884 Liideritz transferred his rights to the ...

ANGUILLA, or SNAKE, a small island in the British Indies, part of the presidency of St Kitts-Nevis, in the colony of the Leeward Islands. Pop. (1901) 3890, mostly negroes. It is situated in 18° 12' N. and 63° 5' W., about 60 m. N.W. of St Kitts, is 1 6 m. long ...

ANI (anc. Abnicum), an ancient and ruined Armenian city, in Russian Transcaucasia, government Erivan, situated at an altitude of 4390 ft., between the Arpa-chai (Horfxuiu) and a deep ravine. In 961 it became the capital of the Bagratid kings of Armenia, and wh ...

ANTALCIDAS, Spartan soldier and diplomatist. In 393 (or 392 B.C.) he was sent to Tiribazus, satrap of Sardis, to undermine the friendly relations then existing between Athens and Persia by offering to recognize Persian claims to the whole of Asia Minor. The At ...

... (?.».). Although corals have been familiar objects since the days of antiquity, and the variety known as the precious red coral has been for a long time an article of commerce in the Mediterranean, it wasonly in the iSth century that their true nature and stru ...

APALACHICOLA, a city, port of entry, and the county-seat of Franklin county, Florida, U.S.A., in the N.W. part of the APAMEA— APATITE '59 state, on Apalachirola Bay and at the mouth of the ApalachicoU river. Pop. (1800) 2727; (1900) 3077, of whom 1580 were of ...

APAMEA, the name of several towns in western Asia. 1. A treasure city and stud-depot of the Seleucid kings in the valley of the Orontes. It was so named by Seleucus Nicator, after Apama, his wife. Destroyed by Chosroes in the 7th century A.D., it was partially ...

APARRI, a town of the province of Cagayan, Luzon, Philip pine Islands, on the Grande de Cagayan river near its mouth, about 55 m. N. of Tuguegarao, the capital. Pop. (1903) 18,252. The valley is one of the largest tobacco-producing sections in the Philippines; ...

APOSTOLIUS, MICHAEL (d. c. 1480), a Greek theologian and rhetorician of the isth century. When, in 1453, the Turks conquered Constantinople, his native city, he fled to Italy, and there obtained the protection of Cardinal Bessarion. But engaging in the great d ...

... ake near it was supposed by classical writers to be the central point of Italy, and was renowned for its floating islands, which, as in other cases, were formed from the partial petrification of plants by the mineral substances contained in the water. Consider ...

... plied to the portion of the Indian Ocean bounded E. by India, N. by Baluchistan and part of the southern Persian littoral, W. by Arabia, and S., approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somaliland, and Cape Comorin in India. It ...

... enees. He was the eldest of four brothers. Jean (17881836) emigrated to America and became a general in the Mexican army. Jacques Etienne Victor (1799-1855) took part in L. C. de S. de Freycinet's exploring voyage in the " Uranie " from 1817 to 1821, and on hi ...

ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon), a captaincygeneral, and formerly a kingdom of Spain; bounded on the N. by the Pyrenees, which separate it from France, on the E. by Catalonia and Valencia, S. by Valencia, and W. by the two Castiles and Navarre. Pop. (1900 ...

ARAL, a lake or inland sea in the west of Asia, situated between lat. 43° 30' and 46° 51' N., and long. 58° 13' and 61° 56' E. It was known to the ancient Arab and Persian geographers as the Sea of Khwarizm or Kharezm, from the neighbouring district of the Cho ...

ARANDA, PEDRO PABLO ABARCA DE BOLEA, COUNT OP (1719-1798), Spanish minister and general, was born at the castle of Sietamo, a lordship of his family near Hucsca in Aragon, on the ist of August 1719. The house of Abarca was very ancient, a fact of which Don Ped ...

... he name given to that part of a garden or park which is reserved for the growth and display of trees. The term, in this restricted sense, was seemingly first so employed in 1838 by J. C. Loudon, in his book upon arboreta and fruit trees. Professor Bayley Balfo ...

... GEL (ARCHANGELSK), a government of European Russia, bounded N. by the White Sea and Arctic Ocean, W. by Finland and Olonets, S. by Vologda, and E. by the Ural mountains. It comprehends the islands of Novaya-Zemlya, Vaygach and Kolguev, and the peninsula of Kol ...

... the Gulf of Argolis, enclosed between the eastern wall of the Arcadian plateau and the central highlands of Argolis. The waters of this valley (Inachus, Charadrus. Erasinus), when properly regulated, favoured the growth of excellent crops, and the capital sta ...

ARGOSTOLI (anc. Cephallenia) , the capital of Cephalonia (one of the Ionian islands), and the seat of a bishop of the Greek church. Pop. about 10,000. It possesses an excellent harbour, a quay a mile in length, and a fine bridge. Shipbuilding and silk-spinning ...

ARGYLLSHIRE, a county on the west coast of Scotland, the second largest in the country, embracing a large tract of country on the mainland and a number of the Hebrides or Western Isles. The mainland portion is bounded N. by Inverness-shire; E. by Perth and Dum ...

... t promoters of the revival of learning in the West, was born in Constantinople, and became a teacher there, Constantine Lascaris being his pupil. He then appears to have crossed over to Italy, and taught in Padua in 1434, beiflg subsequently made rector of the ...