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VIII, The pectensof Scorpio and the first branchial plate of Limulus. IX, The first pair of lung-books of Scorpio and the second branchial plate of Limulus. (After Lankester.'ioc. <*.) eyes, it is to be noted that no Crustacean has structures corresponding to ...

XVIII. 89. The Saxon Army formerly played a prominent part in all the wars of northern Europe, chiefly in connexion with Poland. In the War of the Austrian Succession the Saxon army played a prominent part, but in the end it suffered a heavy defeat in the batt ...

III. Races of Mankind. — The classification of mankind into a number of permanent varieties or races, rests on grounds which are within limits not only obvious but definite. Whether from a popular or a scientific point of view, it would be admitted that a Negr

VII. in 1002. (See Geogr. Jow., 1903, xri. 45-50.) lu the first section the line starts from a pillar erected in the San Francisco pass, about 26° 50' S. lat., and follows the water-parting southward to the highest peak of the Tres Cruces mountains in 27° o' 4

... en dowager Margaret of Scotland, widow of James IV., and eldest sister of Henry VIII. By this latter act he stirred up the jealousy of the nobles and the opposition of the French party, and civil war broke out. He was superseded in the government on the arriva ...

... vidual cults of tutelary animals; (vii.) cults of tree and vegetation spirits; (viii.) cults of ominous animals; (ix.) cults, probably derivative, of animals associated with certain deities; (x.) cults of animals used in magic. (i.) The pastoral type falls int ...

... Madreporaria," Biol. owlet, vii. pp. 79-104; P. M. Duncan, Journ. Linnean Soe. xviii. (1885); P. H. Gosse, Actinologia brilannica (London, 1860); O. and R. Hertwig, Die Actinien (Jena. 1879); R. Hen wig, " Challenger Reports," Zoology, vi. (1882) and xxvi. (18 ...

... ANTONIUS, nicknamed HYBRIDA from his half-savage disposition (Pliny, Nat. Hist. viii. 213), second son of Marcus Antonius, the " orator," and uncle of the triumvir. He was one of Sulla's lieutenants in the Mithradatic War, and, after Sulla's return, remained i ...

... and emigrated in 1700. He was the secret agent of the comte de Provence (Louis XVIII.) at different courts of Europe, and at the same time received money from the courts he visited. He published a number of pamphlets, Des monstres ravagent partoul, Point d'acc ...

... an of the gods. Anubis was the principal god in the capitals of the XVIIth and XVIIIth nomes of Upper Egypt, and secondary god in the XIII th and probably in the XII th nome; but his cult was universal. To begin with, he was the god of the dead, of the cemeter ...

... lin, Leipzig, 1 889) . Halley added in his edition (1710) a restoration of Book viii., in which he was guided by the fact that Pappus gives lemmas " to the seventh and eighth books " under that one heading, as well as by the statement of Apollonius himself tha ...

... sion " can hardly have been due to conflicting doctrines. (See PAUL.) From Actsxviii. 24-28 we learn that he spoke and taught with power and success. He may have captivated his hearers by teaching " wisdom," as P. \V. Schmicdcl suggests, in the allegorical sty ...

... faith. So (it b alleged) rulers, both Jewish and Gentile, have often admitted (xviii. 14; xix. 37; xxiii. 9; xxvi. 32). III. Early Christian. — When we leave the New Testament, apologetics becomes conspicuous until the political triumph of Christianity, and ev ...

APOSTLE (aw6(rTO\os, one sent forth on a mission, an envoy, as in Is. xviii. 2; Symmachus, a.iro<jTt\\tiv cbrocrToXow; Aquila, irpetr/Seuras), a technical term used in the New Testament and in Christian literature generally for a special envoy of Jesus Christ. ...

... y originated in the schismatical congregation of Lucian at Antioch. (iii.) Book viii. is more composite, and falls into three parts. The first two chapters, x«pi \a.puru.6iT(av, may be based upon a lost work of St Hippolytus, otherwise known only by a referenc ...

... arghcrita was burned at a slow fire. Dante mentions Dolcino's name (I*/cmo,c. xxviii.), and his memory is not yet completely effaced in the province of Novara. The Apostles continued their propaganda in Italy, Langucdoc, Spain and Germany. In turn ilu-y were c ...

... the medical profession were not regularly distinguished till the reign of Henry VIII., when separate duties were assigned to them, and peculiar privileges were granted to each. In 1518 the physicians of London were incorporated, and the barbersurgeons in 1540. ...

... ans and the Dominicans on the subject of grace, Aquaviva managed, under Clement VIII. and Paul V., to save his party from a condemnation that at one time seemed probable. He died at Rome on the 3 1 st of January 1615, leaving the Society numbering 13,000 membe ...

... Prisca or Priscilla had settled in Corinth, where Paul stayed with them (Acts xviii. 2,3). They became Christians and fellowworkers with Paul, to whom they seem to have shown their devotion in some special way (Rom. xvi. 3, 4). (2) A native of Pontus, celebra ...

... e students, managing the affairs of the church and consulted by the king, Louis VIII., his kinsman, on affairs of state. In 1272 the commands of the chief of his order and the request of King Charles brought him back to the professor's chair at Naples. All thi ...

... do or Eudes (d. 1039), who joinedGascony to his duchy, William VII. and William VIII. bring us down to William IX. (d. 1127), who succeeded in 1087, and made himself famous as a crusader and a troubadour. William X. (d. 1137) married his daughter Eleanor to Lo ...

... hat when the laird of Dumbiedikes lay dying (Scott's Heart of Midlothian, chap, viii.) he gave his son one bit of advice which Bacon himself could not have bettered. " Jock," said the old reprobate, " when ye hae naething else to do, ye may be aye sticking in ...

... the extensive transfers of property on the seizure of the church lands by Henry VIII., much timber was sold by the new owners, and the quantity thus thrown into the market so lowered its price, as Hollingshed informs us, that the builders of cottages, who had ...

... viti. ; W. M. Leake, Travels in Ike Morea (London, 1830). chs. iii., iv., xi.-xviii., \\iii.-x\vi.; E. Curtius. Peloponneios (Gotha, 1851), i. 153-178; H. F. Torer, Geography of Greece (London, 1873), pp. 287-292; E. A. Freeman, Federal Government (ed. 1893, ...

... before the Reformation, and since that event he has been empowered, by 25 Hen. VIII. c. ax, to exercise certain powers of dispensation in cases formerly sued for in the court of Rome. Under this statute the archbishop continues to grant special licences to ma ...

... ble; the Vulgate reads Arcturus for stars mentioned in Job ix. 9, xxxvii. 9, xxxviii. 31, as well as Amos v. 8. Other versions, as also modern authorities, have preferred, e.g., Orion, the Pleiades, the Scorpion, the Great Bear(cf. .4 woj in the "In temational ...

... t Building^ VII. West Building. X. Lower Stoa. II. Stoa. V. sth-Century Temple. VIII. North-West Building. XI. Phylakeion. III. Stoa. VI. South Stoa. IX. Roman Building. A, B, C, D, E, F, Cisterns. the contemporary and rival of Pheidias, which was one of the m ...

... s for the first time the six incriminating letters to Monk; Eng. Hist. Review, xviii. 369 and 624; Scottish History Society, vol. xvii. (1894); Charles II. and Scotland in 1650, ed. by S. R. Gardiner, and vol. xviii. (1895); History of Scotland, by A. Lang, vo ...

... eological Sketches in Kintyre and Proc. Antiq. Soc. of Scotland, vols. iv., v., viii.

... t in virtue above the rest, as the best of all governments (Nicomachean Ethics, viii. 10; Politics, F 14-18). Moreover, by adding (Politics, H 7, 1327 b 29-33) tnat the Greek race could govern the world by obtaining one constitution TvyxiJW 7roAiT«£as), he ind ...

... is sons, descendants of an ancient family of priests (i Sam. ii. 28; cp. Josh, xviii. i). After a great defeat of Israel by the Philistines it was brought into the field, but was captured by the enemy. The trophy was set up in the Philistine temple of Ashdod, ...

... s ScUoss Boytzenburg, ffc. (1860) and Arckn fur die sdchsiscke Gesckickle, vol. viii. (1870).

... 84), pp. 52-114, by R. Breyer in the llislor. Tasehenbuch (Leipzig, 1889), vol. viii. pp. 123-178, and by A. Hausrath in Neve Heidelberg, jahrb. (1891), Band i. pp. 72-144. (P. A.)

... ical tablet from Babylou (Brit. Mus. Sp. ii. 71, Zeitschrift Jiir Assyriologie, viii. 176, x. 64) he is abbreviated into AT. See PERSIA: Ancient History. (Eo. M.) ARSINO&. the name of four Egyptian princesses of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The name was introduced i ...

... Karbasaras, and Vonitza. The river ARTA (anc. Arachthus or Aratthus, in Livy xxxviii. 3, Aretha) is the chief river of Epirus, and is said to have been navigable in ancient times as far as Ambracia. Below this town it flows through a marshy plain, consisting m ...

... estored the booty, and paid a heavy contribution to the Parthians (Dio Cass. Ixxviii. 26 f.). But at the same time, the Persian dynast Ardashir (q.v.) had already begun his conquests in Persia and Carmania. When Artabanus tried to subdue him his troops were de ...

... enians concluded that she was an ally, and gave up the pursuit (Herod, vii. 09, viii. 68). After the battle Xerxes declared that the men had fought like women, and the women like men. By her advice he did not risk another battle, but at once retired from Greec ...

... choice by the people point to abilities that have not been recorded. See Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries, by F. A. Gasquet (1906) ; Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII., vols. xi. and xii. ; English Histor. Review, v. 330, 550 (account of th ...

... nest allegation." She had as good a reason for repudiating her husband as Henry VIII. for repudiating Anne of Clcves. In any case, she came to London and made friends with Joan Bocher, who was already known for heterodoxy, and other Protestants. She was examin ...

... ; Hist, de I'astr. au moyen Age; Hist, de I'astr. moderne; Hist, de I'astr. au XVIII' siecle Baillv/ Histoire de V astronomic . . . (5 vols., 1775-1787); J. F. Weidler, Historia Astronomiae (1741); J. H. Madler, Geschichte der Himmelskunde (1873); R. Wolf, Ges ...