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Britannica 11th
Encyclopaedia Britannica · 11th edition
William Douglas
Britannica 11thWILLIAM DOUGLAS, ioth earl (c. 1554-1611), was the son of William, the gth earl (1533-1591). He studied at St Andrews University and joined the household of the earl of Morton. Subsequently, while visiting the French court, he became a Roman Catholic, and was ...
Archibald Douglas
Britannica 11thARCHIBALD DOUGLAS, 5th earl of Angus (c. MSO-C. 1514), the famous " Bell the Cat," was born about 1450 and succeeded his father, George the 4th earl, in 1462 or 1463. In 1481 he was made warden of the east marches, but the next year he joined the league agains ...
Esher, William Baliol Brett, 1st Viscount
Britannica 11thESHER, WILLIAM BALIOL BRETT, IST VISCOUNT (18171899), English lawyer and master of the rolls, was a son of the Rev. Joseph G. Brett, of Chelsea, and was born on the i3th of August 1817. He was educated at Westminster and at Caius College, Cambridge. Called to ...
Etty, William
Britannica 11thETTY, WILLIAM (1787-1849), British painter, was born at York, on the icth of March 1787. His father had been in early life a miller, but had finally established himself in the city of York as a baker of spice-bread. After some scanty instruction of the most el ...
George John Douglas Campbell
Britannica 11thGEORGE JOHN DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, 8th duke (1823-1900), the second son of the 7th duke, was born on the 3oth of April 1823, and succeeded his father in April 1847. He had already obtained notice as a writer of pamphlets on the disruption of the Church of Scotland, ...
Angus, Earls of
Britannica 11th... wn right, and widow of Thomas, i.uh earl of Mar. By an irregular connexion with William, ist earl of Douglas, who had married Mar's sister, she became the mother of George Douglas, ist earl of Angus (c. 1380-1403), and secured a charter of her estates for her ...
Arboretum
Britannica 11th... dens at Kew were thrown open to the public in 1841 under the directorate of Sir William Hooker. Including the arboretum, their total area did not then exceed 1 1 acres. Four years later the pleasure grounds and gardens at Kew occupied by the king of Hanover we ...
Argyll. Earls And Dukes Of
Britannica 11th... queen of Scots, who regarded him with great favour. It was about this time that William Cecil, afterwards Lord Burghley. referred to Argyll as "a goodly gentleman universally honoured of all Scotland." Owing to his friendship with Mary, Argyll was separated fr ...
Atholl, Earls and Dukes of
Britannica 11th... tholl about 1457 (new charter 1481). The 5th earl's daughter, Dorothea, married William Murray, earl of Tullibardine (cr. 1606), who in 1626 resigned his earldom in favour of Sir Patrick Murray, on condition of the revival of the earldom of Atholl in his wife ...
Erroll
Britannica 11th... sh nobleman, was the son of Andrew, 8th earl, and of Lady Jean Hay, daughter of William, 6th earl. The date of his birth is unrecorded, but he succeeded to the earldom (cr. 1453) in 1585, was early converted to Roman Catholicism, and as the associate of Huntly ...
United States
Britannica 11th... he home of the Columbia black-tail deer, western raccoon, Oregon spotted skunk, Douglas red squirrel, Townsend's chipmunk, tailless sewellel (Haplodon rufus), peculiar species of pocket gophers and voles, Pacific coast forms of the great-horned, spotted, scree ...
Utah
Britannica 11th... Patrick E. Connor (1820-1891) of the Third California Infantry established Camp Douglas near Salt Lake City. He permitted many members of his regiment who had been prospectors in California to prospect the territory, with the result that mines were located at ...
Anhalt-Dessau, Leopold I., Prince of
Britannica 11th... the front, and in 1712, at the particular desire of the crown prince, Frederick William, who had served with him as a volunteer, he was made a general field marshal. Shortly before this he had executed a coup de main on the castle of Mors, which was held by th ...
Anklam
Britannica 11th... eatic league. In 1648 it passed to Sweden, but in 1676 was retaken by Frederick William I. of Brandenburg, and after being plundered by the Russians in 1713 was ceded to Prussia by the peace of Stockholm in 1720.
Apologetics
Britannica 11th... the schoolmen to the Averroists, becomes dominant among the later Nominalists, William of Occam and his disciples, who withdraw all doctrines of faith from the sphere of reason. This was a second and a more audacious compromise. It is not exactly an attempt t ...
Apostle Spoons
Britannica 11th... rk of 1626, and a set of thirteen was sold at Christie's in 1004 for £4000. See William Hone. The Everyday Book and Table Book (1831); and W. J. Cripps, Old English Plate (9th ed., 1906).
Aquarium
Britannica 11th... formerly also with Bulgaria, Rumania, Spain, the Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Williams College, University of Pennsylvania), by virtue of which the governments and corporate bodies named have the right, on payment of £100 per annum, to send a worker to the s ...
Aquitaine
Britannica 11th... by order of King Charles III. the Simple. Charles then bestowed the duchy upon William the Pious, count of Auvergne, the founder of the abbey of Cluny, who was succeeded in 918 by his nephew, Count William II., who died in 926. A succession of dukes followed, ...
Arbroath
Britannica 11th... of the richest foundations in Scotland, stand in High Street. It was founded by William the Lion in 1178 for Tironesian Benedictines from Kclso, and consecrated in 1197, being dedicated to St Thomas Becket, whom the king had met at the English court. It was Wi ...
Arbuthnot
Britannica 11th... 91, John went to London, where he lived in the house of a learned linen-draper, William Pate, and supported himself by teaching mathematics. In 1692 he published Of the Laws of Chance . . . , based on the Latin version, De Ratociniis in ludo aleae, of a Dutch ...
Archbishop
Britannica 11th... g on general superintendents of the Lutheran church, as in 1829, when Frederick William III. gave it to his friend and spiritual adviser, the celebrated preacher, Ludwig Ernst Borowski (1740-1831), general superintendent of Prussia (1812) and bishop (1816). In ...
Archibald Campbell
Britannica 11th... queen of Scots, who regarded him with great favour. It was about this time that William Cecil, afterwards Lord Burghley. referred to Argyll as "a goodly gentleman universally honoured of all Scotland." Owing to his friendship with Mary, Argyll was separated fr ...
Arghoul. Abchool
Britannica 11th... se of the left hand. The longer pipe has no lateral holes; it is a (From Edward William Laae't Am Aunml »/ At Ifmmtrt and Ciulfmt ./ Ikf Uodm Efyftimi.) Modern Arghoul, 3 ft. 2) in. long. drone pipe with one note only, which, however, can be varied by the addi ...
Argon
Britannica 11th... the oxygen — a conclusion afterwards fully established by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay. The question which now pressed was as to the character of the evidence for the universally accepted view that the so-called nitrogen of the atmosphere was all of on ...
Argyllshire
Britannica 11th... ng into Loch Etive. Among other streams are the Add, Aray, Coe or Cona, Creran, Douglas, Eachaig, Etive, Euchar, Feochan, Finart, Fyne, Kinglass, Nell, Ruel, Shiel, Shira, Strae and Uisge-Dhu. The county is remarkable for the numerous sea-lochs which deeply in ...
Armada
Britannica 11th... lord high admiral. The others were in the Downs with Lord Henry Seymour and Sir William Winter, to co-operate with a Dutch squadron under Justinus of Nassau in blockading the Flemish ports, then occupied by the Spanish army of the duke of Parma. The object was ...
Armature
Britannica 11th... re secured in windows. (See STANCHION and SADDLE: Saddle-Bars.) In magnetism Dr William Gilbert applied the term to the piece of soft iron with which he " armed " or capped the lodestone in order to increase its power. It is also used for the " keeper " or pie ...
Armstrong
Britannica 11th... nahou, at Oahu College, into which the Punahou school developed in 1853, and at Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, where he graduated in 1862. He served in the Civil War, on the Union side, from 1862 to 1865, rising in the volunteer service to the ...
Arnaud
Britannica 11th... 686) from their valleys, and most probably visited Holland, the ruler of which, William of Orange, certainly gave him help and money. Arnaud occupied himself with organizing his 3000 countrymen who had taken refuge in Switzerland, and who twice (1687-1688) att ...
Arndt
Britannica 11th... t. He formed one of the deputation that offered the imperial crown to Frederick William IV., and indignant at the king's refusal to accept it, he retired with the majority of von Gagern's adherents from public life. He continued to lecture and to write with fr ...
Arnhem
Britannica 11th... . At Bronbeek, a short distance east of the town, is a hospital endowed by King William III. for soldiers of the colonial army. Beyond is the popular summer resort of Velp, with the castle of Biljoen built by Charles, duke of Gelderland, in 1530, and the beaut ...
Artevelde. Jacob Van
Britannica 11th... ercial families of this great industrial city, his father's name being probably William van Artevelde. His brother John, a rich cloth merchant, took a leading part in public affairs during the first decades of the I4th century. Jacob, who according to traditio ...
Aryan
Britannica 11th... for examples see Bartholomae, Handbuch der altiranischen Dialekte, 1883, p. v.; Williams Jackson, Avesta Grammar, 1892, ARYA SAMAJ pp. xxxi. f.; Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, 1895, i- P- J)It is noteworthy that it is those who remain behind whose langua ...
Askew
Britannica 11th... tant martyr, born at Stallingborough about 1521, was the second daughter of Sir William Askew (d. 1540) of South Kelsey, Lincoln, by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Wrottesley. Her elder sister, Martha, was betrothed by her parents to Thomas Kyme, ...
Astrology
Britannica 11th... uls and genii. He was led to his three great laws by musical analogies, just as William Herschel afterwards passed from music to astronomy. Kepler, who in his youth made almanacs, and once prophesied a hard winter, which came to pass, could not help pulling an ...
Astronomy
Britannica 11th... ace of the 1 Observations of Comets, translated from the Chinese Annals by John Williams, F.S.A. (1871). i J. L. E. Dreyer, Proc. Roy. Irish A cad. vol. ui. No. 7 (December 1 F. K. Ginzel, " Die astronomischen Kenntnisse der Babylonier," C. F. Lehmann. Beitrng ...
Athletic Sports
Britannica 11th... ports and " leave study and learning to the children of meaner people," and Sir William Forest, in his Poesye of Princeelye Practice, thus admonishes his high-born readers: — " In feat is of maistrie* bestowe some diligence. Too ryde, runne, lepe, or caste by ...
Athlone
Britannica 11th... the greatest importance, and it consequently sustained two sieges, the first by William III. in person, which failed, and the second by General Godart van Ginkel (?.*.), who, on the 3oth of June 1691, in the face of the Irish, forded the river and took possess ...
Atlanta
Britannica 11th... t of supplies. In 1864 it was the objective point of the first stage of General William T. Sherman's invasion of Georgia (see AMERICAN CIVIL WAR), which is therefore generally known as the " Atlanta campaign." After the battles around Marietta (q.v.), and the ...
Auburn
Britannica 11th... Seymour library in the Case Memorial building. There is a fine bronze statue of William H. Scward, who made his home here after 1823, and was buried in Fort Hill Cemetery. In Auburn are the Auburn (State) prison (1816), in connexion with which there is a women ...