{"article":{"id":"britannica-11-argument","work_id":"britannica-11","title":"Argument","normalized_title":"argument","slug":"argument","aliases":[],"subtitle":"Internet Archive OCR import","body_text":"ARGUMENT, a word meaning \" proof,\" \" evidence,\" corresponding in English to the Latin word argumentum, from which it is derived; the originating Latin verb arguere, to make clear, from which comes the English \" argue,\" is from a root meaning bright, appearing in Greek dp-yfa, white. From its primary sense are derived such applications of the word as a chain of reasoning, a fact or reason given to support a proposition, a discussion of the evidence or reasons for or against some theory or proposition and the like. More particularly \" argument \" means a synopsis of the contents of a book, the outline of a novel, play, &c. In logic it is used for the middle term in a syllogism, and for many species of fallacies, such as the argumentum ad hominem, ad baculum, &c. (see FALLACY). In mathematics the term has received special meanings ; in mathematical tables ARGUS— ARGYLL the \" argument \" » the quantity upon which the other quantities in the table are made to depend; in thc_theory of complex variables, r.f. such as a+ib where i-V-i, the \" argument \" (or \"amplitude\") is the angle 6 given by tan 0—b/a. In astronomy, the term is used in connexion with the Ptolemaic theory to denote the angular distance on the epicycle of a planet from the true apogee of the epicycle; and the \" equation to the argument \" is the angle subtended at the earth by the distance of a planet from the centre of the epicycle.","body_html":"

ARGUMENT, a word meaning " proof," " evidence," corresponding in English to the Latin word argumentum, from which it is derived; the originating Latin verb arguere, to make clear, from which comes the English " argue," is from a root meaning bright, appearing in Greek dp-yfa, white. From its primary sense are derived such applications of the word as a chain of reasoning, a fact or reason given to support a proposition, a discussion of the evidence or reasons for or against some theory or proposition and the like. More particularly " argument " means a synopsis of the contents of a book, the outline of a novel, play, &c. In logic it is used for the middle term in a syllogism, and for many species of fallacies, such as the argumentum ad hominem, ad baculum, &c. (see FALLACY). In mathematics the term has received special meanings ; in mathematical tables ARGUS— ARGYLL the " argument " » the quantity upon which the other quantities in the table are made to depend; in thc_theory of complex variables, r.f. such as a+ib where i-V-i, the " argument " (or "amplitude") is the angle 6 given by tan 0—b/a.

\n

In astronomy, the term is used in connexion with the Ptolemaic theory to denote the angular distance on the epicycle of a planet from the true apogee of the epicycle; and the " equation to the argument " is the angle subtended at the earth by the distance of a planet from the centre of the epicycle.

","volume_id":"britannica-11-v2","page_range_label":"Vol. 2, pp. 482-483","source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/page/n529/mode/1up","text_source_url":"https://archive.org/download/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/encyclopaediabri02chisrich_djvu.txt","scan_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri02chisrich","quality_status":"ocr-imported-page-aligned","parser_version":"ia-djvu-xml-v1","page_refs":[{"page_number":"482","label":"p. 482","image_url":"/source-assets/scans/britannica-11/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/encyclopaediabri02chisrich_0530.jpg","source_image_url":"https://archive.org/download/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/encyclopaediabri02chisrich_jp2.zip/encyclopaediabri02chisrich_jp2%2Fencyclopaediabri02chisrich_0530.jp2&ext=jpg","source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/page/n529/mode/1up"},{"page_number":"483","label":"p. 483","image_url":"/source-assets/scans/britannica-11/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/encyclopaediabri02chisrich_0531.jpg","source_image_url":"https://archive.org/download/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/encyclopaediabri02chisrich_jp2.zip/encyclopaediabri02chisrich_jp2%2Fencyclopaediabri02chisrich_0531.jp2&ext=jpg","source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/page/n530/mode/1up"}]},"work":{"id":"britannica-11","slug":"britannica-11","title":"Encyclopaedia Britannica","short_title":"Britannica 11th","edition":"11th edition","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication_start_year":1910,"publication_end_year":1911,"language":"English","country":"United Kingdom / United States","copyright_status_note":"First published before 1931; treated as public domain in the United States. Verify jurisdiction before redistribution outside the U.S.","source_quality":"mixed-clean-and-ocr","text_source_url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica","scan_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri","volumes":[{"id":"britannica-11-v1","volume_number":"1","title":"A to Androphagi","year":1910,"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri01chisrich","text_source_url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica","scan_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri01chisrich","page_count":1084},{"id":"britannica-11-v2","volume_number":"2","title":"Andros to Austria","year":1910,"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri02chisrich","text_source_url":"https://archive.org/download/encyclopaediabri02chisrich/encyclopaediabri02chisrich_djvu.txt","scan_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri02chisrich","page_count":null},{"id":"britannica-11-v9","volume_number":"9","title":"Edwardes to Evangelical Association","year":1910,"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit09chisrich","text_source_url":"https://archive.org/download/encyclopaediabrit09chisrich/encyclopaediabrit09chisrich_djvu.txt","scan_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit09chisrich","page_count":null},{"id":"britannica-11-v26","volume_number":"26","title":"Submarine Mines to Tom-Tom","year":1911,"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri26chisrich","text_source_url":"https://archive.org/download/encyclopaediabri26chisrich/encyclopaediabri26chisrich_djvu.txt","scan_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri26chisrich","page_count":null},{"id":"britannica-11-v27","volume_number":"27","title":"Tonality to Vesuvius","year":1911,"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri27chisrich","text_source_url":"https://ia903207.us.archive.org/15/items/encyclopaediabri27chisrich/encyclopaediabri27chisrich_djvu.txt","scan_source_url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri27chisrich","page_count":null}]}}