{"article":{"id":"britannica-11-mss","work_id":"britannica-11","title":"Mss","normalized_title":"mss","slug":"mss","aliases":[],"subtitle":"Internet Archive OCR import","body_text":"MSS. in some of the skelae, or those in the libraries of Laura and Vatopedi, of which catalogues (hitherto unpublished) have been prepared by resident monks. The canonic MSS. only of Vatopedi and Laura have been catalogued by Benessevich in the supplement to vol. ix. of the Bizanliyskiy Vremennik (St Petersburg, 1904). The Slavonic and Georgian MSS. have not been catalogued. Apart from the illuminated MSS., the mural paintings, the mosaics, and the goldsmith's work of Mount Athos are of infinite interest to the student of Byzantine art. The frescoes in general date from the isth or i6th century: some are attributed by the monks to Panselinos, \" the Raphael of Byzantine painting,\" who apparently flourished in the time of the Palaeologi. Most of them have been indifferently restored by local artists, who follow mechanically a kind of hieratic tradition, the principles of which are embodied in a work of iconography by the monk Dionysius, said to have been a pupil of Panselinos. The same spirit of conservatism is manifest in the architecture of the churches, which are all of the medieval Byzantine type. Some of the monasteries were seriously damaged by an earthquake in 1905. AUTHORITIES. — R. N. C. Curzon, Visits to Monasteries in the Levant (London, 1849); J. P. Fallmerayer, Fragmenta aus dem Orient (Stuttgart and Tubingen, 1845); V. I^anglois, Le Mont Athos ft ses monasteres, with a complete bibliography (Paris, 1867); Duchesne and Bayet, Memoire sur une mission en Macedoine et au Mont Athos (Paris, 1876); Texier and Pullan, Byzantine Architecture (London, 1864); H. Brockhaus, Die Kunst in den Athos kl astern (Leipzig, 1891); A. Riley, Athos, or the Mountain of the Monks (London, 1887); S. Lambros, Catalogue of the Greek Manuscripts on Mount Athos (2 vols., Cambridge, 1895 and 1900) ; M. I. Gedeon, 6 \"A0«s (Constantinople, 1885); P. Meyer, \" Beitrage zur Kenntniss der neueren Geschichte und des gegenwartigen Zustandes der Athoskloster,\" inZeitschriftfurKirchengeschichte, 1 890 ; Die H aupturkunden fur die Geschichte der Athoskloster (Leipzig, 1894) ;G. Millet, J. Pargoire and L. Petit, Recueil des inscriptions chretiennes de I' Athos (Paris, 1904); H. Gelzer, Vom Heiligen Berge und aus Makedonien (Leipzig, 1904); K. Vlachu (Blachos), 'H Xepironjaoj roD 'A-yiw'Opow (Athens, 1903) ; G. Smurnakes, TMSS. in some of the skelae, or those in the libraries of Laura and Vatopedi, of which catalogues (hitherto unpublished) have been prepared by resident monks. The canonic MSS. only of Vatopedi and Laura have been catalogued by Benessevich in the supplement to vol. ix. of the Bizanliyskiy Vremennik (St Petersburg, 1904). The Slavonic and Georgian MSS. have not been catalogued. Apart from the illuminated MSS., the mural paintings, the mosaics, and the goldsmith's work of Mount Athos are of infinite interest to the student of Byzantine art. The frescoes in general date from the isth or i6th century: some are attributed by the monks to Panselinos, " the Raphael of Byzantine painting," who apparently flourished in the time of the Palaeologi. Most of them have been indifferently restored by local artists, who follow mechanically a kind of hieratic tradition, the principles of which are embodied in a work of iconography by the monk Dionysius, said to have been a pupil of Panselinos. The same spirit of conservatism is manifest in the architecture of the churches, which are all of the medieval Byzantine type. Some of the monasteries were seriously damaged by an earthquake in 1905. AUTHORITIES. — R. N. C.

\n

Curzon, Visits to Monasteries in the Levant (London, 1849); J. P. Fallmerayer, Fragmenta aus dem Orient (Stuttgart and Tubingen, 1845); V. I^anglois, Le Mont Athos ft ses monasteres, with a complete bibliography (Paris, 1867); Duchesne and Bayet, Memoire sur une mission en Macedoine et au Mont Athos (Paris, 1876); Texier and Pullan, Byzantine Architecture (London, 1864); H. Brockhaus, Die Kunst in den Athos kl astern (Leipzig, 1891); A. Riley, Athos, or the Mountain of the Monks (London, 1887); S. Lambros, Catalogue of the Greek Manuscripts on Mount Athos (2 vols., Cambridge, 1895 and 1900) ; M. I. Gedeon, 6 "A0«s (Constantinople, 1885); P. Meyer, " Beitrage zur Kenntniss der neueren Geschichte und des gegenwartigen Zustandes der Athoskloster," inZeitschriftfurKirchengeschichte, 1 890 ; Die H aupturkunden fur die Geschichte der Athoskloster (Leipzig, 1894) ;G. Millet, J. Pargoire and L. Petit, Recueil des inscriptions chretiennes de I' Athos (Paris, 1904); H. Gelzer, Vom Heiligen Berge und aus Makedonien (Leipzig, 1904); K. Vlachu (Blachos), 'H Xepironjaoj roD 'A-yiw'Opow (Athens, 1903) ; G. Smurnakes, T<J "Ayior "Opos 'Apx<«°\\oyia opovs'ABa, (Athens, 1004). (J. D. B.)

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