England

ENGLAND, CHURCH OF). The Church of Ireland had at the time of the Act of Union four archbishops, who took their titles from Armagh, Dublin, Cashel and Tuam. By acts of 1833 and 1834, the metropolitans of Cashel and of Tuam were reduced to the status of diocesan bishops. The two archbishoprics of Armagh and Dublin are maintained in the disestablished Church of Ireland. The title archbishop has been used in certain of the colonial churches, e.g. Australia, South Africa, Canada, and the West Indies, since 1893, when it was assumed by the metropolitans of Canada and Rupert's Land (see ANGLICAN COMMUNION). 1 The court of Peculiars is no longer held, inasmuch as the peculiars have been placed by acts of parliament under the ordinary jurisdiction of the bishops of the respective dioceses in which they are situated. Archbishops have the title of His (or Your) Grace and Most Reverend Father in God. See Hinschius, System des kalholischen Kirchenrechts (Berlin, 1869), also article " firzbischof," in Hauck,- Realencyklopadie (1898) ; Phiflimore, The Ecclesiastical Law of the Church of England, and authorities there cited. (W. A. P.)