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ANI (anc. Abnicum), an ancient and ruined Armenian city, in Russian Transcaucasia, government Erivan, situated at an altitude of 4390 ft., between the Arpa-chai (Horfxuiu) and a deep ravine. In 961 it became the capital of the Bagratid kings of Armenia, and wh ...

ANIM&, an oleo-resin (said to be so called because in its natural state it is infested with insects) which is exuded from the locust tree, Hymenaea coumaril, and other species of Hymenaea growing in tropical South America. It is of a pale brown colour, transpa ...

ANISE (Pimpinella Anisum), an umbelliferous plant found in Egypt and the Levant, and cultivated on the continent of Europe for medicinal purposes. The officinal part of the plant is the fruit, which consists of two united carpels, called a cremocarp. It is kno ...

ANICETUS, pope c. 154-167. It was during his pontificate that St Polycarp visited the Roman Church.

ANICHINI, LUIGI, Italian engraver of seals and medals, a native of Ferrara, lived at Venice about 1550. Michelangelo >ronounced his " Interview of Alexander the Great with the ligh-priest at Jerusalem," "the perfection of the art." His medals of Henry II. of F ...

ANILINE, PHENYLAMNE, or AIIINOBENZENE, (C«H»NHi), an organic base first obtained from the destructive distillation of ndigo in 1826 by O. Unverdorben (Pogg. Ann., 1826, 8, p. 397), who named it crystalline. In 1834, F. Runge (Pogg. Ann., 1834, 31, p. 65; 32, p ...

ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul), a term first used as a noun or adjective to denote a living thing, but now used to designate one branch of living things as opposed to the other branch known as plants. Until the discovery of protoplasm, and th ...

ANIMAL HEAT. Under this heading is discussed the physiology of the temperature of the animal body. The higher animals have within their bodies certain sources of heat, and also some mechanism by means of which both the production and loss of heat can be regula ...

ANIMAL WORSHIP, an ill-defined term, covering facts ranging from the worship of the real divine animal, commonly conceived as a " god-body," at one end of the scale, to respect for the bones of a slain animal or even the use of a respectful name for the living ...

ANIMISM (from animus, ur anima, mind or toul), acn.r.ln^ to thetleiuiiiiimni 1'r K.H.Tylor, the <1<H I rine of spiritual beings, including human souls; in practice, however, the term is often extended to include panlhclism or animalism, the doctrine that a gre ...

ANIMUCCIA. GIOVANNI. Italian musical composer, was born at Florence in the last years of the 1 5th century. At the request of St Filippo Neri he composed a number of Laudi, or hymns of praise, to be sung after sermon time, which have given him an accidental pr ...

... cf. German ambuss, in which case the final syllable is from " beat," and the meaning is " that on which something is beaten "), a mass of iron on which material is supported while being shaped under the hammer (see FORCING). The common blacksmith's anvil is m ...

... s and most widely spread families of the Prussian nobility. He was born in Pomerania on the 3rd of October 1824, and brought up by his uncle Heinrich von Arnim, who was Prussian ambassador at Paris and foreign minister from March to June 1848, while Count Arni ...

TRANI, a seaport and episcopal see of Apulia, Italy, on the Adriatic, in the province of Bari, and 26 m. by rail W.N.W. of that town, 23 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901), 34,688. Trani has lost its old walls and bastions, but the 13th-century Gothic citadel is ...

ANZIN, a town of northern France, in the department of Nord, on the Scheldt, ij m. N.W. of Valenciennes, of which it is a suburb. Pop. (1906) 14,077. Anzin is the centre of important coal-mines of the Valenciennes basin belonging to the Anzin Company, the form

AONIA, a district of ancient Boeotia, containing the mountains Helicon and Cithaeron, and thus sacred to the Muses, who are called by Pope the " Aonian maids."

... pio that Cyamus holds to the thoracostracous Crustacea. The reduction at the organism to seven leg -bearing somite*, of which the first pair, an in so many Eu-araehnida. are chelate. is a form of degeneration connected with a peculiar quasi -para* tic habit re ...

... i(778oft.),in 12° s'S.,andMt. Elonga (7550 ft.). South of the Kwanza is the volcanic mountain Caculo-Cabaza (3300 ft.). From the tableland the Kwango and many other streams flow north to join the Kasai (one of the largest affluents of the Congo), which in its ...

... AUemagne, par Monseigneur le due d' Angoulttne (1620); (3) a translation of a Spanish work by Diego de Torre*. To him has also been ascribed the work, La tentroJe etfidete RUation de lout ce gut s'eil passi en I'isle de Ri, envoyfe par U roi a la royne sa mire ...

... Edinburgh, but was fired upon by Margaret and retreated to Tantallon. He now organized a large party of nobles against Margaret with the support of Henry VIII., and in February 1525 they entered Edinburgh and called a parliament. Angus was made a lord of the a ...

... x years, assembles at periods to deliberate on internal matters touching the organization of the church. The Roman Catholics are under the bishop of Paderbom. There are within the duchy four grammar schools (gymnasia), five semi-classical and modern schools, a ...

... rmed the duties of regent when he was absent on campaign. Often, too, she accompanied him into the field. Leopold's career as a soldier in important commands begins with the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession. He had made many improvements in the Pr ...

PAOLO ANIMUCCM, a brother of Giovanni, was also celebrated as a composer; he is said by Fctis to have been maestro di capella at S. Giovanni in Laterano from the middle of January 155° until 1552, and to have died in 1363.

ANKLAM, or ANCLAM, a town of Germany in the Prussian province of Pomerania, on the Peene, 5 m. from its mouth in the Kleines HafT, and 53 m. N.W. of Stettin, by the railway to Stralsund. Pop. (1900) 14,602. The fortifications of Anklam were dismantled in 1762 ...

... seizes passing prey from any nook or crevice in which it shelters. The exact meaning of the name ant-lion (Fr. fourmilion) is uncertain. It has been thought that it refers to the fact that ants form a large percentage of the prey of the insect, the suffix " l ...

... alled his satrap. In 388 Antalcidas, then commander of the Spartan fleet, accompanied Tiribazus to the Persian court, and secured the active assistance of Persia against Athens. The success of his naval operations in the neighbourhood of the Hellespont was suc ...

... tative of the group is the great anteater or ant-bear (Myrmecopkagajubata) , an animal measuring 4 ft. in length without the tail, and 2 ft in height at the shoulder. Its prevailing colour is grey, with a broad black band, bordered with white, commencing on th ...

ANTEMNAE (Lat. ante amnem, sc. Anienem; Varro, Ling. Lot. v. 28), an ancient village of Latium, situated on the W. of the Via Salaria, 2 m. N. of Rome, where the Anio falls into the Tiber. It is said to have been conquered by Romulus after the rape of the Sabi ...

... Gr. (bri^wca, through the Saxon antefn, a word which originally had the same meaning as antiphony (?.».). It is now, however, generally restricted to a form of church music, particularly in the service of the Church of England, in which it is appointed by the ...

... lacation, explains mdoiyla as the feast of the opening of the graves (iriflos meaning a large urn used for burial purposes), x°« as the day of libations, and xirrpot as the day of the grave-holes (not " pots," which is \vrpai), in point of time really anterior ...

... arly years of the 4th century he emerged from his retreat and set himself to organize the monastic life of the crowds of monks who had followed him and taken up their abode in the caves around him. After a time, again in pursuit of more complete solitude, he w ...

... k a prominent part in the anti-slavery and temperance movements in New York, organizing in 1852 the first woman's state temperance society in America, and in 1856 becoming the agent for New York state of the American Anti-slavery Society. After 1854 she devote ...

ANTHOZOA (i.e. "flower-animals"), the zoological name for a class of marine polyps forming " coral " (?.».). Although corals have been familiar objects since the days of antiquity, and the variety known as the precious red coral has been for a long time an art ...

... m with a smokeless and nearly non-luminous flame. Other terms having the same meaning are, " stone coal " (not to be confounded with the German Steinkohle) or " blind coal " in Scotland, and " Kilkenny coal " in Ireland. The imperfect anthracite of north Devon ...

ANTHRACOTHERIUM (" coal-animal," so called from the fact of the remains first described having been obtained from the Tertiary lignite-beds of Europe), a genus of extinct artiodactyle ungulate mammals, characterized by having 44 teeth, with five semi-crescenti ...

... e, specific, infectious, virulent disease, caused by the Bacillus anthracis, in animals, chiefly cattle, sheep and horses, and frequently occurring in workers in the wool or hair, as well as in those handling the hides or carcases, of beasts which have been af ...

... uscular movements of the arm; in the delicacy of hand; in the smallness of the canine teeth and other dental peculiarities; in the development of a chin; and in the small size of his jaws compared to the relatively great size of the cranium. Together with man ...

... e beginning of both; European morals have been ineradicably semitized by Christianity, and the Jews have been Europeans for over a thousand years, during which their character has been modified and in some respects transformed by the ecclesiastical and civil p ...

... ven to substances which are used for the prevention of bacterial development in animal or vegetable matter. Some are true germicides, capable of destroying the bacteria, whilst others merely prevent or inhibit their growth. The antiseptic method of treating wo ...

... for " setting opposite "), in rhetoric, the bringing out of a contrast in the meaning by an obvious contrast in the expression, as in the following: — " When there is need of silence, you speak, and when there is need of speech, you are dumb; when present, you ...