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ANTONELLO DA MESSINA (c. 1430-1479), Italian painter, was probably born at Messina about the beginning of the i5th century, and laboured at his art for some time in his native country. Happening to see at Naples a painting in oil by Jan Van Eyck, belonging to ...

... entury B.C. it was considerably diminished, and about the year 100 B.C. its boundaries were the Arnus (Arno), the Apennines and the Tiber. In the division of Italy by Augustus it formed the seventh regio and extended as far north as the river Macra, which sepa ...

... between asu, " (the land of) the rising sun," and ereb or irib, " (the land of) darkness " or " the setting sun," is frequent, and these names were probably passed on by the Phoenicians to the Greeks, and gave rise to the names of Asia and Europe. Where the na ...

... he was promoted General-Feldwachtmeister in 1723. In 1727 he became governor of Messina, and in 1733 attained the rank of lieutenant field marshal. In 1734 he won a European reputation by his defence first of the pass of S. Germano and then of the half-ruined ...

... l; B, ventral view. (From KoncMt and Heider. after Leuckart.) Peripatus, Diplopoda, Hexapoda and Chilopoda. Probably tracheae have developed independently by the same process in several groups of tracheate Arachnids. The nomomeristic Arachnids comprise two sub ...

... rivers of Arakan are — (i) the Naaf estuary, in the north, which forms the boundary' between the division and Chittagong; (2) the Myu river, an arm of the sea, running a course almost parallel with the coast for about 50 m.; (3) the Koladaing river, rising ne ...

... ok far afield for their prehistoric home. Wherever they came from, there is abundant evidence that their first occupation of the Australian continent must have seen at a time so remote as to permit of no traditions. No record, no folk tales, as in the case of ...

... Arachnid. — Modern views as to the classification and affinities of the Arachnida have been determined by the demonstration that Limulus and the extinct Eurypterines (Pterygotus, &c.) are Arachnida; that is to say, are identical in the structure and relation ...

ALEXANDRE CHATRIAN (1826-1890) on the i8th of December 1826 at Soldatenthal, Lorraine. In 1847 they began to write together, and continued doing so till 1889. Chatrian died in 1890 at Villemomble near Paris, and Erckmann at Luneville in 1899. The list of their ...

... coast of Africa south of the equator. With the exception of the enclave of Kabinda (q.v.) the province lies wholly south of the river Congo. Bounded on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean, it extends along the coast from the southern bank of the Congo (6° S., 12° E.) ...

... and Marie Touchet, was born on the 28th of April 1573,31 the castle of Fayet in Dauphine. His father, dying in the following year, commended him to the care and favour of his brother and successor, Henry III., who faithfully fulfilled the charge. His mother ma ...

... views may be obtained in all directions. Within the town the streets are often dark and narrow, and, apart from the cathedral and the hotol de ville, the architecture is of little interest. The cathedral of St Pierre (see CATHEDRAL), a church in the Byzantine ...

ANGOUMOIS, an old province of France, nearly corresponding to-day to the department of Charente. Its capital was Angouleme. See Essai d'une bibliothtque historique de fAngoumois, by E. Castaigne (1845).

... ntory of Mt. Brazil; but it is inferior to the neighbouring ports of Ponta Delgada and Horta. The foreign trade is not large, and consists chiefly in the exportation of pineapples and other fruit. Angra served as a refuge for Queen Maria II. of Portugal from 1 ...

... task, not completed till shortly before his death, of working out the magnetic data obtained by the Swedish frigate " Eugenie " on her voyage round the world in 1851-1853. In 1858 he succeeded Adolph Ferdinand Svanberg (1806-1857) in the chair of physics at U ...

... by seven brothers of whom Angus was the eldest. The Critic line ended with Matilda (fl. 1240), countess of Angus in her own right, who married in 1243 Gilbert de Umfravill and founded the Norman line of three earls, which ended in 1381, the then holder of the ...

... ger portion of the duchy is enclosed by the Prussian government district of Potsdam (in the Prussian jrovince of Brandenburg), and Magdeburg and Merseburg ^belonging to the Prussian province of Saxony). The western or smaller portion (the to-called Upper Duchy ...

... riette Catherine of Orange. In 1698 he married Anna Luise Fose, an apothecary's daughter of Dessau, in spite of his mother's long and earnest opposition, and subsequently he procured for her the rank of a princess from the emperor (1701). Their married life wa ...

ANICHINI, LUIGI, Italian engraver of seals and medals, a native of Ferrara, lived at Venice about 1550. Michelangelo >ronounced his " Interview of Alexander the Great with the ligh-priest at Jerusalem," "the perfection of the art." His medals of Henry II. of F ...

... go-yielding plants, Indigofera anil, anil being derived from the Sanskrit nila, dark-blue, and nlld, the indigo plant. About the same time N. N. Zinin found that on reducing nitrobenzene, a base was formed which he named bcnzidam. A. W. von Hofmann investigate ...

... the series of investigations by which it was established that the cell was a fundamental structure essentially alike in both animals and plants (see CYTOLOGY), there was a vague belief that plants, if they could really be regarded as animated creatures, exhibi ...

... the same. But it was not until the introduction of thermometers that any exact data on the temperature of animals could be obtained. It was then found that local differences were present, since heat production and heat loss vary considerably in different part ...

... r ten specific heads: (i.) pastoral cults; (ii.) hunting cults; (iii.) cults of dangerous or noxious animals; (iv.) cults of animals regarded as human souls or their embodiment; (v.) totemistic cults; (vi.) cults of secret societies, and individual cults of tu ...

... hem, are best illustrated by an analysis of the terms applied to it. Readers of Dante know the idea that the dead have no shadows; this was no invenlion of Ihe poet's bul a piece of traditionary lore; at the present day among the Bosutos it is held thai a man ...

... g out like a star. The anise of the Bible (Matt, rxiii. 23) is A nethum or Peucedanum frovcotens, i.e. dill (?.».).

... njar, both prospectivcly and inclusive of the arrears which had accrued to that date, was wholly remitted by the British government

ANT-LION, the name given to neuroptcrous insects of the family \fyrmcltonidac, with relatively short and apically clubbed antennae and four large densely reticulated wings in which the apical veins enclose regular oblong spaces. The perfect insects are for the ...

ANTALCIDAS, Spartan soldier and diplomatist. In 393 (or 392 B.C.) he was sent to Tiribazus, satrap of Sardis, to undermine the friendly relations then existing between Athens and Persia by offering to recognize Persian claims to the whole of Asia Minor. The At ...

... NANARIVO, i.e. "town of a thousand" (Fr. spelling Tananarive), the capital of Madagascar, situated centrally as regards the length of the island, but only about 90 m. distant from the eastern coast, in 18° 55' S., 47° 30' E. It is 135 m. W.S.W. of Tamatave, th ...

... sept were built though a nave was projected, was followed at Wadham, New and Magdalen Colleges, Oxford, in the new chapel of St John's College, Cambridge, and in Eton College. In Jesus College, Cambridge, the transept and a short nave constitute the ante-chape ...

... specially indicating the tropical American anteaters of the family Uyrmecopkagidae (see EDENTATA). The typical and largest representative of the group is the great anteater or ant-bear (Myrmecopkagajubata) , an animal measuring 4 ft. in length without the tai ...

... us and Aristogeiton, set up by the Athenians on the expulsion of the Peisistratidae, and carried away to Persia by Xerxes. A basis with the signature of Antenor, son of Eumares, has been shown to belong to one of the dedicated female figures of archaic style w ...

... ia), a town of southern Spain, in the province of Malaga; on the Bobadilla-Granada railway. Pop. (1000) 31,609. Antequera overlooks the fertile valley bounded on the S. by the Sierra de los Torcales, and on the N. by the river Guadalhorce. It occupies a comman ...

... ct, who produced, under the patronage of Justinian (A.O. 532), the original and daring plans for the church of St Sophia in Constantinople, which strikingly displayed at once his knowledge and his ignorance. He was one of five brothers — the sons of Stephanos, ...

... e of the four Athenian festivals in honour of Dionysus, held annually for three days ( 1 1 th-i 3th) in the month of Anthesterion (February-March). The object of the festival was to celebrate the maturing of the wine stored at the previous vintage, and the beg ...

ANTHONY. SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1006), American reformer, was born at Adams, Massachusetts, on the i$th of February 1820, the daughter of Quakers. Soon after her birth, her family moved to the state of New York, and after 1845 she lived in Rochester. She receive ...

... ham astronomy coverage. This gives the interface another clean-text source candidate for comparing the same topic.

... International Encyclopaedia. This entry is flagged as an OCR-backed source candidate because the production parser will need article boundary detection and cleanup before text is trusted.

... for New International telegraph coverage. OCR sources are included early so validation can track messy records separately from clean text.