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ASA, in the Bible, son (or, perhaps, rather brother) of Abijah. the son of Rehoboam and king of Judah (i Kings xv. 9-24). Of his long reign, during which he was a contemporary of Baasha, Zimri and Omri of Israel, little is recorded with the exception of some r ...

ASAPH, the eponym of the Asaphite gild of singers, one of the hereditary choirs that superintended the musical services of the temple at Jerusalem in post-exilic times. The names occur in the titles of certain Psalms, and the writer of the Book of Chronicles m ...

ASAF-DD-DOWLAH, nawab wazir of Oudh from 1775 to 1797, was the son of Shuja-ud-Dowlah, his mother and grandmother being the begums of Oudh, whose spoliation formed one of the chief counts in the charges against Warren Hastings. When Shuja-ud-Dowlah died he lef ...

ASAFETIDA (asa, Lat. form of Persian o*a = mastic, and fetidus, stinking, so called in distinction to asa dtdcis, which was a drug highly esteemed among the ancients as laser cyrenaicum, 7MASAF-UD-DOWLAH— ASBESTOS and it supposed to have been a gummy exudation ...

VASA, or NIKOLAISTAD, in the grand duchy of Finland, capital of the province of Vasa, on the east coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, 327 m. by rail north-west of Helsingfors. Pop. (1904) 18,028. It has two classical lyceums for boys and three for girls, a school of ...

AOSTA (anc. Augusta Praetoria Salassorum), a town and episcopal see of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Turin, 80 m. N.N.W. by rail of the town of Turin, and 48 m. direct, situated 1910 ft. above sea-level, at the confluence of the Buthier and the Dora Balt

ASOKA, a famous Buddhist emperor of India who reigned from 264 to 228 or 227 B.C. Thirty-five of his inscriptions on rocks or pillars or in caves still exist (see INSCRIPTIONS: Indian}, and they are among the most remarkable and interesting of Buddhist monumen

... ptive power, particularly in the battle scenes and in connexion with Alsatian peasant life. They are marked by a genuine democratic spirit, and by real patriotism, which developed after 1870 into hatred of the Germans. The authors attacked militarism by depict ...

... ). From the tableland the Kwango and many other streams flow north to join the Kasai (one of the largest affluents of the Congo), which in its upper course forms for fully 300 m. the boundary between Angola and the Congo State. In the south-east part of the pr ...

... complete deforestation of the island. Nearly all the land is in the hands of peasant proprietors, who cultivate sweet potatoes, peas, beans, corn, &c., and rear sheep and goats. Cattle, phosphate of lime and salt, manufactured from a lake in the interior, are ...

... ignites readily, burning with a large smoky flame. It possesses a f somewhat pleasant vinous odour and a burning aromatic taste; it is a highly acrid poison. Aniline is a weak base and forms salts with the mineral acids. Aniline hydrochloride forms large colou ...

... ld up its proteid food from material chemically simpler than proteid. On these basal differences are founded most of the characters which make the higher forms of animal and plant life so different. The animal body, if it be composed of many cells, follows a d ...

... Madagascar, certain species are assigned as the abode of certain classes; the Masai, on the other hand, regard each species as the habitat of a particular family of the tribe. In America some of the Amerindian tribes reverence the rattlesnake as grandfather a ...

... s of classical literature were goat-footed and the tree spirit of the Russian peasantry takes the form of a goat; in Bengal and the East Indies wood-cutters endeavour to propitiate the spirit of the tree which they cut down; and in many parts of the world tree ...

... eristome, by its outer margin to the body-wall, and by its lower margin to the basal disk. A certain number of mesenteries, known as complete mesenteries, arc attached by the upper parts of their internal margins to the stomodaeum, but below this level their e ...

... e muscles, effusion of citron or rust-coloured fluid in various cavities, extravasations of blood and local congestions throughout the body, the blood in the vessel* generally being very dark and tar-like. The most notable feature, however, in the majority of ...

... m the group known to science as Catarhini, those, that is, possessing a narrow nasal septum, and are thus easily distinguishable from the flat-nosed monkeys or Platyrhini. The anthropoid apes are arboreal and confined to the Old World. They are of special inte ...

... the land, the trade corporations and the artisan gilds, this quondam oriental peasant was gradually transformed into a commercial middleman and a practised dealer in money. Oppressed by the Church, and persecuted by the State, his theocratic and monarchical tr ...

... line of the west. The most remarkable cliffs are those formed of perpendicular basaltic columns, extending for many miles, and most strikingly displayed in Fair Head and the celebrated Giant's Causeway. From the eastern coast the hills rise instantly but less ...

... special notice. ANWARI [Auhad-uddin Ah' Anwari], Persian poet, was born in Khorasan early in the I2th century. He enjoyed the especial favour of the sultan Sinjar, whom he attended in all his warlike expeditions. On one occasion, when the sultan was besieging ...

... y fertile hi ideas, and wrote a great many plays. They are mostly of Austrian peasant life, and although somewhat melancholy in tone are interspersed with bright and witty scenes. Among the best known are Der Meineidbauer (1871), Die Kreuzelschreiber (1872), D ...

... n fig. i, which is bounded by the hexagonal prism m, hexagonal bipyramid x and basal pinacoid c. In its general appearance, apatite exhibits wide variations. Crystals may be colourless and transparent or white and opaque, but are often coloured, usually some s ...

... atement or account), a short fable or allegorical story, meant to serve as a pleasant vehicle for some moral doctrine or to convey some useful lesson. One of the best known is that of Jotham in the Book of Judges (ix. 7-15); others are " The City Rat and Field ...

... to the tetragonal system. The form is either a square prism terminated by the basal planes (fig. 2), or an acute pyramid (fig. i). A prominent feature of the mineral is its perfect basal cleavage, on which the lustre is markedly pearly, presenting, in white c ...

... (" Poenitentiam agite!"). He was soon followed by a throng of men and women, peasants and mechanics. All had to live in absolute poverty, chastity and idleness. They begged, and preached penitence. Opizo, bishop of Parma, protected them until they caused trou ...

... English editions, I. Rickaby (London, 1872), J. M. Ashley (London, 1888). SeeAetaSanft., vii.'Martii; A. Touron, La ViedeSt Thomas d' A a*in. avec tin expose de sa doctrine et de set outrages (Paris, 17^7): Karl Werner, Der fleUige Thomas von Aquino (1858) : a ...

... e most interesting of these projects was the plan for the emancipation of the peasantry (1818). On the accession of Nicholas I., Arakcheev, thoroughly broken in health, gradually restricted his immense sphere of activity, and on the 26th of April 1826, resigne ...

... in the Tagus, which forms the scene of Schiller's famous drama Don Carlos. The Casa del Labrador, or Labourer's Cottage, as it is called, is a smaller palace built by Charles IV. in 1803, and full of elaborate ornamentation. The chief local industry is farming ...

... c historian Tabari (Th. Noldeke, Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden, aus der arabischen Chronik des Tabari, 1879). He was the second son of Papak (Babek), the offspring of Sassan (Sasan), after whom the dynasty is named. Papak had made him ...

... shores of Loch Aline representatives of the Upper Greensand are covered by the basaltic lavas of Tertiary age. The acid and basic plutonic rocks (gabbros and granophyres) of Tertiary time occur in Ardnamurchan. A striking geological feature of the county is th ...

... anly actions, and happiness accordingly is being at our best and noblest and pleasantest (Sipiarov ital KdXXioroi- KOJ. WIOTOV) . But gentlemanliness is no longer called perfect virtue, as in the Eudemian Ethics : its place has been taken by justice, which is ...

... about 512 sq. m. The general surface of the county is gently undulating and pleasantly diversified; but in the northern extremity, on the borders of Lough Neagh, there is a considerable tract of low, marshy land, and the southern border of the county is occup ...

... an anonymous one, entitled An Essay for Abridging the Study of Physic (1735), wasasatireon the ignorance of the apothecaries and medical men of his day. This was followed two years after by the Economy of Love, a poem the indecency of which damaged his profes ...

... an historian, born at Vienna on the loth of July 1819, was the son of Joseph Calasanza von Arneth (1791-1863), a well-known historian and archaeologist, who wrote a history of the Austrian empire (Vienna, 1827) and several works on numismatics. Alfred Arneth s ...

... belong to the rhombohedral system, and have a perfect cleavage parallel to the basal plane; natural crystals arc, however, of rare occurrence, and are usually acicular in habit. Native arsenic occurs usually in metalliferous veins in association with ores of a ...

... pae; and several flourishing towns, such as Preveza, Arta (anc. Ambracia), Karavasara or Karbasaras, and Vonitza. The river ARTA (anc. Arachthus or Aratthus, in Livy xxxviii. 3, Aretha) is the chief river of Epirus, and is said to have been navigable in ancien ...

... s were to be settled by reference. He also measured out their territories in parasangs and assessed their tributes accordingly (Herod, vi. 42). In 492 he was superseded in his satrapy by Mardonius (Herodotus v. 15, 30-32, 35, &c.; Diod. Sic. x. 25). His son, o ...

... w the point of obstruction. Some branches, however, such as those going to the basal ganglia of the brain and to the spleen, are known as "end arteries," and these do not anastomose with their neighbours at all; thus, if one is blocked, arterial blood is cut o ...

... God the former was much more influential than the latter. Dayanand's ARYTENOID— ASAFETIDA treatment of the Vedas was peculiar, and consisted of reading into them his own beliefs and modern scientific discoveries. Thus he explains the Yajna (sacrificial cult) a ...

... rd Arya- is not found as a national name hi the Rig Veda, but appears in the Vajasaneyi-sainhita, where it is explained by Mahldhara as VaiSya-, a cultivator or a man of the third among the original four classes of the population. So in the Athania Veda (iv. 2 ...