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MVP seed record for the American Cyclopaedia United States article. It is included to test historical comparison against later Americana and Britannica records.

MVP seed record for the Americana 1920 United States article. This article will eventually be one of the best comparison tests because an American encyclopedia has different emphasis than British sources.

ATE, in Greek mythology, the personification of criminal folly, the daughter of Zeus and Eris (Strife). She misled even Zeus to take a hasty oath, whereby Heracles became subject to Eurystheus. Zeus thereupon cast her by the hair out of Olympus, whither she di ...

ATELLA, an ancient Oscan town of Campania, 9 m. N. of Naples and 9 m. S. of Capua, on the road between the two. It was a member of the Campanian confederation, and shared the fortunes of Capua, but remained faithful to Hannibal for a longer time; the great par ...

ATELLANAE FABULAE (" Atellan fables "),.the name of a sort of popular comedy amongst the ancient Romans. The name is derived from Atella, an Oscan town in Campania; for this reason, and from their being also called Osci ludi, it has been supposed that they wer ...

ATESTE (mod. Este,q.v.), an ancient town of Venetia, at the southern foot of the Euganean hills, 43 ft. above sea-level; 22m. S.W. of Patavium (Padua). The site was occupied in very early times, as the discoveries since 1882 show. Large cemeteries have been ex ...

... an architectural term given to slightly projecting pilaster strips which terminate the winged walls of the naos of a Greek temple. They owe their origin to the vertical posts of timber employed in the primitive palaces or temples of Greece, as at Tiryns and i ...

ARTEL (Russ. for "gang"), the name for the co-operative associations in Russia. Originally, the artels were true examples of productive co-operation, bodies of working-men associating together for the purpose of jointly undertaking some piece of work, and divi

... eae have developed independently by the same process in several groups of tracheate Arachnids. The nomomeristic Arachnids comprise two sub-classes—one a very small degenerate offshoot from early ancestors; the other, the great bulk of the class. Sub- Class L ( ...

... Cape Negrais. Length from northern extremity to Cape Negrais, about 400 m.; greatest breadth in the northern part, oo m., gradually diminishing towards the south, as it is hemmed in by the Arakan Yoma mountains, until, in the extreme south, it tapers away to ...

... olation. While their neighbours, the Malays, Papuans and Polynesians, all cultivate the soil, and build substantial huts and houses, the Australian natives do neither. Pottery, common to Malays and Papuans, the bows and arrows of the latter, and the elaborate ...

... nown about him, and he is seldom mentioned. The burial-place of his priests in later time* was in 1904 discovered at Abusir el Meleq.

AL R, Anterior lateral rod or tendon. Natural size. (From Lankester, Q. J. Hie. Set.. N5. ml. niv.. 1884.) Limulus an Arachnid. — Modern views as to the classification and affinities of the Arachnida have been determined by the demonstration that Limulus and t ...

ALEXANDRE CHATRIAN (1826-1890) on the i8th of December 1826 at Soldatenthal, Lorraine. In 1847 they began to write together, and continued doing so till 1889. Chatrian died in 1890 at Villemomble near Paris, and Erckmann at Luneville in 1899. The list of their ...

... l union of the various kingdoms under Alfred in 886. Bede (Hist. Eccl. i. 15) states that the people of the more northern kingdoms (East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, &c.) belonged to the Angli, while those of Essex, Sussex and Wessex were sprung from the Saxon ...

... the Congo forms for 80 m. the boundary separating Angola from the Congo Free State. The frontier thence (in 5° 52' S.) goes due east to the Kwango river. The eastern boundary — dividing the Portuguese possessions from the Congo State and Barotseland (N.W. Rho ...

... fterwards became the mistress of Henry IV. Charles of Valois, was carefully educated, and was destined for the order of Malta. At the early age of sixteen he attained one of the highest dignities of the order, being made grand prior of France. Shortly after he ...

... ween Bordeaux and Poitiers. Pop. (1006) 30,040. The town proper occupies an elevated promontory, washed on the north by the Charente and on the south and west by the Anguienne, a small tributary of that river. The more important of the suburbs lie towards the ...

... A, or ANGRA DO HEROISMO (" Bay of Heroism," a name given it in 1829, to commemorate its successful defence against the Miguelist party), the former capital of the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, and chief town of an administrative district, comprising th ...

... erman imperial government, and on the following 7th of August a German protectorate over the district was proclaimed. (See AFRICA, § 5, and GERMAN SOUTH-WEST APRICA.) Angra Pequena has been renamed by the Germans Liideritz Bay, and the adjacent country is some ...

... ist, was born on the i3th of August 1814 at Logdo, Medelpad, Sweden. He was educated at Upsala University, where in 1839 he became privat docent in physics. In 1842 he went to Stockholm Observatory in order to gain experience in practical astronomical work, an ...

... ts of Anne of Austria in the old Louvre. F. Fouquet also employed him for his chateau in Vaux. See Henri Stein, LesfrZres Anguier (1889), with catalogue of works, and many references to original sources; Armand Sanson, Deux sculpteurs Normands: les freres Angu ...

... the colony of the Leeward Islands. Pop. (1901) 3890, mostly negroes. It is situated in 18° 12' N. and 63° 5' W., about 60 m. N.W. of St Kitts, is 1 6 m. long and has an area of 35 sq. m. The destruction of trees by charcoal-burners has resulted in the almost ...

ANGULATE (Lat. antulus, an angle), shaped with comers or angles; an adjective used in botany and zoology for the shape of stems, leaves and wings.

... English parliament. Meanwhile John Stewart of Bonkyl, co. Berwick, had been created earl of Angus in a new line. This third creation ended with Margaret Stewart, countess of Angus in her own right, and widow of Thomas, i.uh earl of Mar. By an irregular connex ...

ANHALT, a duchy of Germany, and a constituent state of the German empire, formed, in 1863, by the amalgamation of the two duchies Anhalt-Dessau-Cothen and Anhalt-Bernburg, and comprising all the various Anhalt territories which were sundered apart in 1603. The ...

... m his earliest youth he was devoted to the profession of arms, for which he educated himself physically and mentally. He became colonel of a Prussian regiment in 1693, and in the same year his father's death placed him at the head of his own principality; ther ...

... differing chemically from the more commonly occurring gypsum in containing no water of cryitallization, being anhydrous calcium sulphate, CaSO,. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and has three directions of perfect cleavage parallel to the three pla ...

... ient and ruined Armenian city, in Russian Transcaucasia, government Erivan, situated at an altitude of 4390 ft., between the Arpa-chai (Horfxuiu) and a deep ravine. In 961 it became the capital of the Bagratid kings of Armenia, and when yielded to the Byzantin ...

ANICETUS, pope c. 154-167. It was during his pontificate that St Polycarp visited the Roman Church.

... it crystalline. In 1834, F. Runge (Pogg. Ann., 1834, 31, p. 65; 32, p. 331) isolated from coal-tar a substance which >roduced a beautiful blue colour on treatment with chloride of ime; this he named kyanol or cyanol. In 1841, C. J. Fritzsche showed that by tre ...

... rst used as a noun or adjective to denote a living thing, but now used to designate one branch of living things as opposed to the other branch known as plants. Until the discovery of protoplasm, and the series of investigations by which it was established that ...

... me mechanism by means of which both the production and loss of heat can be regulated. This is conclusively shown by the fact that both in summer and winter their mean temperature remains the same. But it was not until the introduction of thermometers that any ...

... .) cults of ominous animals; (ix.) cults, probably derivative, of animals associated with certain deities; (x.) cults of animals used in magic. (i.) The pastoral type falls into two sub-types, in which the species (a) is spared and (b) sometimes receives speci ...

... sm or animalism, the doctrine that a great part, if not the whole, of the inanimate kingdom, as well at all animated beings, are endowed with reason, intelligence and volition, identical with that of man. This latter theory, which in many cases is equivalent t ...

PAOLO ANIMUCCM, a brother of Giovanni, was also celebrated as a composer; he is said by Fctis to have been maestro di capella at S. Giovanni in Laterano from the middle of January 155° until 1552, and to have died in 1363.

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