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EQUIVALENT, in chemistry, the proportion of an element which will combine with or replace unit weight of hydrogen. When multiplied by the valency it gives the atomic weight. The determination of equivalent weights is treated in the article STOICHIOMETRY. (See ...

... bodies of existing plants or animals. The common use of the word animal as the equivalent of mammal, as opposed to bird or reptile or fish, is erroneous. The classification of the animal kingdom is dealt with in the article ZOOLOGY. (P. C. M.)

... olition, identical with that of man. This latter theory, which in many cases is equivalent to personification, though it may be, like animism, a feature of the philosophy of peoples of low culture, should nut be confused with it. But it is difficult in practic ...

... essed heavily upon the resources of the native state, and in 1832 the pecuniary equivalent for Anjar, both prospectivcly and inclusive of the arrears which had accrued to that date, was wholly remitted by the British government

... countries which are known as the Culm Measures. In America, culm is used as an equivalent for waste or slack in anthracite mining. Physically, anthracite differs from ordinary bituminous coal by its greater hardness, higher density, i -3-1 -4, and lustre, the ...

... d by the ancients because they regarded it as burning like coal; cf. the French equivalent charbon; also known as fievre charbonneuse, Milzbrand, splenic fever, and malignant pustule), an acute, specific, infectious, virulent disease, caused by the Bacillus an ...

... s indeed remarkable; he gives as the fundamental property of all the conies the equivalent of the Cartesian equation referred to oblique axes (consisting of a diameter and the tangent at its extremity) obtained by cutting an oblique circular cone in any manner ...

... -015 0-025 0-025 0-012 i too During th s time the alkalinity was reduced to the equivalent of 30 mg. CaCOj per litre, ocean water having an alkalinity equivalent to 50-55 mg. per litre. It has been suggested that the organic nitrogen becomes oxidized into nitr ...

... rmany the title archpriest (Erzpriester) was in some cases long retained as the equivalent of that of superintendent, sometimes also still called dean (Dechant) , his functions being much the same as those of the rural dean.

ARIA (Ital. for " air "), a musical term, equivalent to the English " air," signifying a melody apart from the harmony, but especially a musical composition for a single voice or instrument, with an accompaniment of other voices or instruments. The aria origin ...

... The Revised Version has Harmagedon. The form is commonly regarded as the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew har megiddon, the mountain district of Megiddo. The writer is describing the place where the last decisive battle was to be fought at the Day of Judgment, ...

... nce on the vessel, or upon any goods on board the same. In Scotland the offence equivalent to arson in England is known by the more expressive name of fire-raising. The crime was punishable capitally by old consuetudinary law, but it is now no longer capital, ...

... e Asmodeus is the same as the Zend dafwa, dftc. " demon." The first part may be equivalent to Afshma, the impersonation of anger. But W. Baudissin (Herzog-Hauck, RealcncyUop&die) prefers to derive it from isk, to drive, set in motion; whence ish-min, driving, ...

... he Nergal of the Babylonians. Wednesday was assigned to the planet Mercury, the equivalent of the Germanic god Woden; Thursday to Jupiter, the equivalent of Thor; and Friday to Friga, the goddess of love, who is represented by Venus among the Romans and among ...

... tarted. Leverrier, in 1858, calculated a value of 8-95* for the solar parallax (equivalent to a distance of 91,000.000 m.) from the '' parallactic inequality " of the moon ; Professor Newcomb, using other forms of the gravitational method, derived in 1895 a pa ...

... nd of two divine names; the first part is a form of the Himyaritic 'Athtar, the equivalent of the Old Testament Ashtoreth, the Phoenician Astarte (g.v.), with the feminine ending omitted (Assyr. Ishtar); the second is a Palmyrene name ' Atke (i.e. tempus oppor ...

... lation. — Austria had in 1900 a population of 26,107,304 inhabitants,1 which is equivalent to 226 inhabitants per sq. m. As seen from the above table the density of the population is unequal in the various crown lands. The most thickly populated province is Lo ...

... ifferences the sections may be named Gymnophylla, Notophylla, Conchophylla. The equivalent terms applied by Sars are Anostraca, Notostraca, Conchostraca, involving a termination already appropriated to higher divisions of the Crustacean class, for which it oug ...

... on, in order to display more clearly their relation to the hieratic and demotic equivalents. Clement of Alexandria states that in the Egyptian schools the pupils were first taught the " epistolographic style of writing (i.e. demotic), secondly the " hieratic " ...

... the seat of a Semitic government. In the lexical tablets Anzan is given as the equivalent of Elamtu, and the native kings entitle themselves kings of " Anzan and Susa," as well as " princes of the Khapirti." The principal mountains of Elam were on the north, ...

... ee of electrification " with a clear scientific definition which shows it to be equivalent in meaning to the modern term " electric potential." Cavendish compared the capacity of different bodies with those of conducting spheres of known diameter and states th ...

... ons. The value of a wife is fixed at twenty pagodas (a 16th-century Indian coin equivalent to about five shillings), and should the uncle forgo his claim he is entitled to share in the price paid for his nieces. Among some of the Karen tribes marriages between ...

... etween which they appear to act. When work is done against these forces no full equivalent of potential energy may be produced; this applies especially to frictional forces, for if the motion of the system be reversed the forces will be also reversed and will ...

... no attempt to find in the Eocene strata of America and India, &c., the precise equivalent of subdivisions that have been determined with more or less exactitude in the LondonParis-Belgian area. It is possible that in Eocene times there existed a greater conti ...

... an official, a governor of a province of Roman Greece, «rapx°s> whose title was equivalent to, or represented that of the Roman praefectus. The area of his administration was called an eparchy (errapxta). The term survives as one of the administrative units of ...

... s of equity themselves. G. Spence, in his book on the Equitable Jurisdiction of EQUIVALENT- -ERASMUS lh< Court of CkaiKfry, quotes a case in the reign of Charles II., in which chief justice Vaughan said: " I MKDiIrr to hear of citing of precedents in matter of ...

... tors to Greenland may suffice: Savigiksiniariartokasuaromaryotittogog, which is equivalent to " He says that you also will go away quickly in like manner and buy a pretty knife." Here is one word serving in the place of 17. It is made up as follows: Savig a kn ...

... to be located somewhat less vaguely, and indeed their name was employed as the equivalent of the Assyrian and Hebrew Cush (q.v.), the Kcsh or Kkosh of the Hieroglyphics (first found in Stele of Senwosri I.), i.e. a country extending from about the 24th to the ...

... iods, is very difficult to define (see section Language). The name is the Latin equivalent of the Greek TuppTjna or Tupenji'ia, which is used by Latin writers also in the forms Tyrrhenia, Tyrrhenii; the Romans also spoke of Tusci, whence the modern Tuscany (q. ...

... s for foreign things, institutions, offices, &c., for which there is no English equivalent, e.g., menu, table d'hote, imfi. lakh, moUah, taroush; (5) casuals, e.g., bloc, Ausgleich, sabotage, differing only from " aliens " in their temporary use. The full etym ...

... ures are given in German sq. m. and in sq. kilometres in round numbers, and the equivalents here given in English sq. m. are similarly treated : — Sq. m. The great European plain in its widest sense . 2,660,000 The same exclusive of inland seas . . . 2,300,000 ...

STOICHIOMETRY. (See also CHEMISTRY.) In a more general sense the term " equivalent " is used to denote quantities of substances which neutralize one another, as for example NaOH, HC1, JH,SO4. iBa(OH),.

... lothing, a hind or principal servant 43., and an ordinary servant 35. 4d.— sums equivalent respectively to 503., 405. and 333. 4d. of our money (Henry). Already in the reign of Edward II. a proclamation had been issued against the " outrageous and excessive mu ...

... utataque servat amorem " — and likewise the solsaece of the Anglo-Saxon, a word equivalent to solsequium (sun-following). But this movement with the sun is more imaginary than real, the better explanation for the application of the name to a flower being affor ...

... lopedia. 'Mishnah stands in contrast to Miqra ("reading, scripture"); its Aram, equivalent is Mathnltha, from tena, " to repeat,' whence the appellation Tanna, " teacher " (§ 3 below). These and the terms Gemara, Talmud, &c., are more fully explained in H. L. ...

... 0 ohms. The actual current required to work the instrument is 3-3 milliamperes (equivalent approximately to the current given by I Daniell cell through 3300 ohms), but in practice a current of 10 milliamperes is allowed. A simple, but important, addition to en ...

... opean root is stag, whence Gr. ffrcyos, roof, Lat. tegere, to cover; the French equivalent is chaume), the material employed sometimes for roofs in the place of tiles or slates; it consists of wheat straw, of which several layers are required, to the depth of ...

... lead carbonate, and the lead thiophen sulphonate obtained was distilled with an equivalent quantity of ammonium chloride. The distillate obtained was diluted with one hundred volumes of ligroin (previously purified by shaking with fuming sulphuric acid) and th ...

... found indications of three new species: one which he called nipponium, with an equivalent weight of about 50 and atomic weight 100; the second with an equivalent of about 16-7; whilst the third yielded a radio-active oxide.

... ters of the day. To be admitted to their ranks was considered by them an honour equivalent to the award of a fauteuil in the French Academy. They welcomed Tolstoy with open arms, the veteran novelist, Turgeniev, in particular hastening to greet him on his arri ...