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SWEET-SOP, or Sugar Apple, botanical name Anona squamosa, a small tree or shrub with thin oblong-ovate leaves, solitary greenish flowers and a yellowish-green fruit, like a shortened pine cone in shape with a tubercle corresponding to each of the carpels from ...

SWEET POTATO. This plant, known botanically as Ipomaca. batatas (formerly as Convolvulus batatas), and a member of the natural order Convolvulaceae, is generally cultivated in most tropical countries for the sake of its tuberous root, which is an article of di ...

... KuMcnland, Lower Austria, Styria and Moravia. The wine* of Dalmatia arc moctly sweet wine*, and not Miitable to be kept for long periods, while tho*e of the other province* are not so tweet, but improve with age. Forests. — The forest* occupy just a little ov ...

... e Character of Socrates " and the second on " The Present State of Ethical Philosophy " — both rather dull, formal, didactic productions. He was fond of reading, and of writing verse, and was chosen as the poet for Hit! day His cheerful serenity of manner, his ...

... means of the iteration of a few telling phrases about philistincs, barbarians, sweetness and light, sweet reasonableness, high seriousness, Hebraism and Hellenism, " young lions of the Daily Telegraph," and " the note of provinciality," Arnold far eclipsed hi ...

... flung aside his books and pencils, and, stretched on his bed, fell to munching sweetmeats and reading romances. But Tolstoy's childhood was not without its share of wholesome pleasure. Hunting and shooting, the delight of the Russian noble, occupied much of h ...

... on shale. ( Marcellus shale. iOnpndaga (Corniferous limestone) Schoharie grit. Esopus grit. Oriskany beds. ( Kingston beds. Lower i HelderbergianJ Becraft limestone. Devonian | New Scotland beds. [ tCoeymans limestone. The formations most widely recognized are ...

... land. Nearly all the land is in the hands of peasant proprietors, who cultivate sweet potatoes, peas, beans, corn, &c., and rear sheep and goats. Cattle, phosphate of lime and salt, manufactured from a lake in the interior, are the principal ANGULATE— ANGUS ex ...

... nected therewith, (v.) syncretism, due either to unity of function or to a philosophic unification, (vi.) the desire to do honour to the species in the person of one of its members, and possibly other less easily traceable causes. (B) Treating cults according ...

... alent to personification, though it may be, like animism, a feature of the philosophy of peoples of low culture, should nut be confused with it. But it is difficult in practice to distinguish the two phases of thought and no clear account of animalism can yet ...

... age of Justinian (A.O. 532), the original and daring plans for the church of St Sophia in Constantinople, which strikingly displayed at once his knowledge and his ignorance. He was one of five brothers — the sons of Stephanos, a physician of Tralles — who were ...

... h the theological and ethical conceptions of the Scandinavian peoples. The philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche had also adopted the same view, without noticing that it was a reduclio ad absurdum of the whole agitation, in his Menschliches, Allzumenschiithes (1878) ...

ANTISTHENES (c. 444-365 B.C.), the founder of the Cynic school of philosophy, was born at Athens of a Thracian mother, a fact which may account for the extreme boldness of his attack on conventional thought. In his youth he studied rhetoric under Gorgias, perh ...

... ences, and bestowed honours and salaries upon the teachers of rhetoric and philosophy. His reign was comparatively peaceful. Insurrections amongst the Moors, Jews, and Brigantes in Britain were easily put down. The one military result which is of interest to u ...

... ece to escape his creditors. After a short time spent in attendance on the philosophers at Athens, he was summoned by Aulus Gabinius, governor of Syria, to take part in the campaigns against Aristobulus in Palestine, and in support of Ptolemy Auletes in Egypt. ...

... , especially in the East. On his return to Paris, he sought the society of philosophers and artists, visited Voltaire at Ferney for three months, but was more attracted by J. J. Rousseau, with whom he became somewhat intimate. He published a Mimoire sur Us tta ...

... travellers and narrators of every description, but also poets, orators and philosophers. One of his cherished objects was to reform geography by putting an end to the blind copying of older maps, by testing the commonly accepted positions of places through a r ...

... taught rhetoric, among his pupils being Mark Antony. APOLLONIUS, surnamed " the Sophist," of Alexandria, a famous grammarian, who probably lived towards the end of the ist century A.D. He was the author of a Homeric lexicon (Ae£«s 'O/^rjpiKcu), the only work o ...

APOLLONIUS OF TYANA, a Greek philosopher of the NeoPythagorean school, born a few years before the Christian era. He studied at Tarsus and in the temple of Asclepius at Aegae, where he devoted himself to the doctrines of Pythagoras and adopted the ascetic habi ...

... cient culture. And so Christianity was necessarily Hellenized, necessarily philosophized. One result was to bring natural theology into the forefront. A pure morality, belief in one God, hopes extending beyond death — these appealed to the age; the Church taug ...

... Agrippa in the second book of Livy, and perhaps most famous of all, those of Aesop. The term is applied more particularly to a story in which the actors or speakers are taken from the brute creation or inanimate nature. An apologue is distinguished from a fab ...

... zeal for the latter led him to speak so contemptuously of the more popular philosopher and of his defender, Theodorus Gaza, that he fell under the severe displeasure of his patron. He afterwards retired to Crete, where he earned a scanty living by teaching and ...

... stor worship even here; but the two usages have diverged. The squib of the philosopher Seneca on the memory of Claudius (d. A.D. 54), Apocolocyntosis (" pumpkinification "), is evidence that, as early as Seneca's lifetime, apotheosis was in use for the recogni ...

AQUINAS, THOMAS [THOMAS OF AQUIN or AQUINO], (c 12271274), scholastic philosopher, known as Doctor Angelicas, Doctor Uniiiersalis, was of noble descent, and nearly allied to several of th? royal houses of Europe. He was born in 1225 or 1227, at Roccasecca, the ...

... -west and. south-east, the former hot and dry from the arid districts west of Mesopotamia, the hitter bearing much moisture from the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. The principal Arab tribes are the Kab (generally known as Chaab) and Beni Lam, the former mo ...

... Shortly after the beginning of the ioth century the labours of these three philosophers were shaping the modern doctrine of the undulatory theory of light. Fresnel's arguments in favour of that theory found little favour with Laplace, Poisson and Biot, the cha ...

... k word Syria. Aram, however, does not include Palestine, while it comprehends Mesopotamia (Heb. Aram of two rivers), a region which the Greeks frequently distinguish from Syria proper. Thus the Aramaic languages may be geographically defined as the Semitic dia ...

... achievements, which gave him a high reputation throughout Europe with the philosophical and anticlerical parties, were his expulsion of the Jesuits, whom the king considered responsible for the riot of 1766, and the active part he took in the suppression of t ...

ARCESILAUS (316-241 B.C.), a Greek philosopher and founder of the New, or Middle, Academy (see ACADEMY, GREEK). Born at Pitane in Aeolis, he was trained by Autolycus, the mathematician, and later at Athens by Theophrastus and Grantor, by whom he was led to joi ...

ARCH YT AS (c. 428-347 B.C.), of Tarentum, Greek philosopher and scientist of the Pythagorean school, famous as the intimate friend of Plato, was the son of Mnesagoras or Histiaeus. Equally distinguishedin natural science,philosophyand the administration of ci ...

... hir restored Seleucia under the name of Weh- Ardashir. The attempt to conquer Mesopotamia, Armenia and Cappadocia led to a war with Rome, in which he was repelled by Alexander Severus (A.D. 233). Before his death (A.D. 241) Ardashir associated'with himself on ...

... estates. Shortly afterwards, through the instrumentality of his step-daughter, Sophia Lindsay, he succeeded in making his escape, and after some adventures retired to Holland. His subsequent movements are uncertain, but he appears to have ARGYLL again visited ...

ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.), the great Greek philosopher, was born at Stagira, on the Strymonic Gulf, and hence called " the Stagirite." Dionysius of Halicamassus, in his Epistle on Demosthenes and Aristotle (chap. 5), gives the following sketch of his life: — Ar ...

ARISTOXENUS, of Tarentum (4th century B.C.), a Greek peripatetic philosopher, and writer on music and rhythm. He was taught first by his father Spintharus, a pupil of Socrates, and later by the Pythagoreans, Lamprus of Erythrae and Xenophilus, from whom he lea ...

... ellius, Arminius's old patron, now removed to Leiden, expounded the Ramist philosophy, and did his best to start his students on the search after truth, unimpeded by the authority of Aristotle. Under these men and influences,. Arminius studied with signal succ ...

... origin, and to have studied chemistry, medicine, physics, and also Arabian philosophy. After having lived at the court of Aragon, he went to Paris, where he gained a considerable reputation; but he incurred the enmity of the ecclesiastics and was forced to fle ...

... rbed by purely theological questions. He was one of the first to adopt the philosophy of Descartes, though with certain orthodox reservations; and between 1683 and 1685 he had a long battle with Malebranche on the relation of theology to metaphysics. On the wh ...

... t school in Fritzlar, she lived for a while with her grandmother, the novelist, Sophie Laroche (1731-1807), at Offenbach, and from 1803 to 1806 with her brother-in-law, Friedrich von Savigny, the famous jurist, at Marburg. In 1807 she made at Weimar the acquai ...

... itself is nature." A posthumous essay of John Stuart Mill contains a full philosophical exposition and defence of this mode of regarding the relations of Nature and Art. Defining Nature as above, and again as a " collective name for all facts, actual and poss ...

... pts came into the hands of Linnaeus, and his Bibliotheca Ichikyologica and Philosophia Ichlhyologica, together with a life of the author, were published at Leiden in the year 1738.