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ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul), a term first used as a noun or adjective to denote a living thing, but now used to designate one branch of living things as opposed to the other branch known as plants. Until the discovery of protoplasm, and th ...

ANIMAL HEAT. Under this heading is discussed the physiology of the temperature of the animal body. The higher animals have within their bodies certain sources of heat, and also some mechanism by means of which both the production and loss of heat can be regula ...

ANIMAL WORSHIP, an ill-defined term, covering facts ranging from the worship of the real divine animal, commonly conceived as a " god-body," at one end of the scale, to respect for the bones of a slain animal or even the use of a respectful name for the living ...

ANIM&, an oleo-resin (said to be so called because in its natural state it is infested with insects) which is exuded from the locust tree, Hymenaea coumaril, and other species of Hymenaea growing in tropical South America. It is of a pale brown colour, transpa

ANVIL (from Anglo-Saxon anfilt or onfilti, either that on which something is " welded " or " folded," cf. German /alien, to fold, or connected with other Teutonic forms of the word, cf. German ambuss, in which case the final syllable is from " beat," and the m

AONIA, a district of ancient Boeotia, containing the mountains Helicon and Cithaeron, and thus sacred to the Muses, who are called by Pope the " Aonian maids."

ARNAL, &TIENNB (1794-1872), French actor, was born at Meulan, Seine-et-Oise, on the ist of February 1704. After serving in the army, and working in a button factory, he took to the stage. His first appearance (1815) was in tragedy, and for some time he was uns

ARNIM, ELISABETH (BETTINA) VON (1785-1859), German authoress, sister of Klemens Brentano, was born at Frankforton-Main on the 4th of April 1785. After being educated at a convent school in Fritzlar, she lived for a while with her grandmother, the novelist, Sop

... it yielded an il, which he named aniline, from the specific name of one of the ANIMAL— ANIMAL HEAT indigo-yielding plants, Indigofera anil, anil being derived from the Sanskrit nila, dark-blue, and nlld, the indigo plant. About the same time N. N. Zinin found ...

... ouls; in practice, however, the term is often extended to include panlhclism or animalism, the doctrine that a great part, if not the whole, of the inanimate kingdom, as well at all animated beings, are endowed with reason, intelligence and volition, identical ...

... tative of the group is the great anteater or ant-bear (Myrmecopkagajubata) , an animal measuring 4 ft. in length without the tail, and 2 ft in height at the shoulder. Its prevailing colour is grey, with a broad black band, bordered with white, commencing on th ...

ANTHOZOA (i.e. "flower-animals"), the zoological name for a class of marine polyps forming " coral " (?.».). Although corals have been familiar objects since the days of antiquity, and the variety known as the precious red coral has been for a long time an art ...

ANTHRACOTHERIUM (" coal-animal," so called from the fact of the remains first described having been obtained from the Tertiary lignite-beds of Europe), a genus of extinct artiodactyle ungulate mammals, characterized by having 44 teeth, with five semi-crescenti ...

... e, specific, infectious, virulent disease, caused by the Bacillus anthracis, in animals, chiefly cattle, sheep and horses, and frequently occurring in workers in the wool or hair, as well as in those handling the hides or carcases, of beasts which have been af ...

... ven to substances which are used for the prevention of bacterial development in animal or vegetable matter. Some are true germicides, capable of destroying the bacteria, whilst others merely prevent or inhibit their growth. The antiseptic method of treating wo ...

... <-u'l, " opener of the ways ") : the former type is symbolized by the recumbent animal 3^ , the other by a similar animal (in a stiff standing attitude), carried as an emblem on a standard in war or in religious processions. The former comprised two beneficent ...

... epa; Old Bohemian op; a word of uncertain origin, possibly an imitation of the animal's chatter), the generic English name, till the i6th century, for animals of the monkey tribe, and still used specifically for the tailless, manlike representatives of the or ...

... orrect manners, but it can be true, while an apologue, with its introduction of animals and plants, to which it lends our ideas and language and emotions, is necessarily devoid of real truth, and even of all probability. The parable reaches heights to which th ...

... e smaller building, which was finished in 1887, contains the rooms in which the animals are delivered, sorted and preserved, and the fishing tackle kept, together with the workshop of the engineer; on the first and second floors are workrooms, amongst others t ...

... er side, and on the tendrils of these scrolls are suspended or placed birds and animals, human figures and chimeras, of any or all kinds, or indeed any objects that may take the fancy of the artist. The most perfect specimens of cinquecento Arabesque are certa ...

... of Eisenerz in Styria. The calcareous secretions of many groups of invertebrate animals consist of aragonite (calcite is also common); pearls may be specially cited as an example. Aragonite is a member of the isomorphous group of minerals comprising witherite ...

... he culture of those plants which supply the food of man or nourish the domestic animals must have exclusively occupied his attention for many ages; whilst the timber employed in houses, ships and machines, or for fuel, was found in the native woods. Hence, tho ...

... ved from two of his observations: the one in which he notices that the parts of animals and plants are in general rounded in form, and the other dealing with the sense of hearing, which, in virtue of its limited receptivity, he compares 1 If this be the proper ...

... ethnology. ^v ^e rehcs themselves and by their relation to extinct or existing animals would have sufficed to give a considerable insight into the conditions of primitive life. But, fortunately, corroborative evidence of the most useful kind was at hand, and ...

... alkalies, or nitrous air; that it is unfit to support fire or maintain life in animals; and that its specific gravity is not much less than that of common air; so that, though the nitrous acid, by being united to phlogiston, is converted into air possessed of ...

... irite philosopher with the means of conducting his researches in the History of Animals. At last, in his fourth period, after the accession of Alexander, Aristotle at fifty returned to Athens and became the head of his own school in the Lyceum, a gymnasium nea ...

... ark was large enough to contain his family and representatives of each kind of animal. Its dimensions arc given as 300 cubits long, 50 cubits broad and 30 cubits high (cubit- 18-22 in.). It was made of " gopher " wood, which has been variously identified with ...

... ), the human upper limb from the shoulder to the wrist, and the fore limb of an animal. (See ANATOMY : Superficial and A rtistic, and SKELETON : A ppendiculor.) The word is also used of any projecting limb, as of a crane, or balance, of a branch of a tree, and ...

... to supply the resident population of the county wkh vegetable, though not with animal food; and some of the less crowded and less productive parts of Ulster receive from Armagh a considerable supply of oats, barley and flour. Apples are grown in such quantiti ...

... ges than one given the name of Art to several of those ingenuities in the lower animals which popular theory at the same time declares to be instinctive. Dante, for instance, speaks of boughs shaken by the wind, but not so violently as to make the birds forgo ...

... of the Romans). The functions of the goddess extended from the vegetable to the animal world, to the inhabitants of the woods and mountains. This is clearly expressed in the cult of Artemis Laphria (possibly connected with Xa^upo, " spoils"), at whose festival ...

... tion, and many of the differences between the arterial systems of Man and other animals are due to the assumption of the erect position. Many arteries are tortuous, especially when they supply movable parts such as the face or scalp, but when one or two sharp ...

... t declined to adhere to the tenet of the Samaj which forbade the destruction of animal life and the consumption of animal food. The age of admission to the Samaj is eighteen, ind members are expected to contribute to its funds at least i % of their income. The ...

... ith the skin of its neck loose, so as to render it dilatable at the will of the animal, as in the cobra of India, a species from which it differs only in the absence of the spectacle-like mark on the back of the neck. Like the cobra, also, the haje has its fan ...

... he gods, the other being through the inspection of the liver of the sacrificial animal (see OMEN). Just as this latter method of divination rested on a well-defined theory, to wit, that the liver was the seat of the soul of the animal and that the deity in acc ...

... ancestor), the term given in biology to the reproduction in a living person or animal of the characteristics of an ancestor more remote than its parents (see HEREDITY). Loosely used, it connotes a reversion to an earlier type. Individuals reproduce unexpected ...

... tution approved by the emperor Constantino Monomachos in 1045, women and female animals were excluded from the holy mountain. In 1060 the community was withdrawn from the authority of the patriarch of Constantinople, and a monastic republic was practically con ...

... pullarius. In imperial times decuriales pullarii are mentioned. (4) Signs from animals (pedeslria auspicia, or ex quadrupedibus), i.e. observation of the course of, or sounds uttered by, quadrupeds and reptiles within a fixed space, corresponding to the obser ...

... 6400 ft., and the line of perpetual snow is from 7800 to 8200 ft. Fauna. — The animal kingdom embraces, besides the usual domestic animals (as horses, cattle, sheep, swine, goats, asses, &c.), wild boars, deer, wild goats, hares, &c. ; also bears, wolves, lyn ...

... ther human figures in various attitudes, more or less grouped among themselves, animals, reptiles and fishes, scorpion, animals again, twenty-four alphabetic characters, parts of the human body carefully arranged from @ to _A, thirty-two in number, parts of an ...